Seam minimization in a handheld dual display device

ABSTRACT

A handheld communication device includes first and second screen assemblies, each including a screen having an active display area and housing having a rear surface, and a side surface extending between a periphery of the screen and the rear surface of the housing and a hinge connected to the first and second screen assemblies, whereby, when the hinge is in the fully opened position, the hinge is configured to enable a distance between the first and second active display areas to be no more than about 10 mm.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/628,396, filed Sep. 27, 2012, of the sametitle, which claims the benefit of and priority, under 35 U.S.C.§119(e), to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/539,884, filed Sep.27, 2011, entitled “MOBILE DEVICE,” each of which is incorporated hereinby this reference in its entirety for all that it teaches and for allpurposes.

BACKGROUND

A substantial number of handheld computing devices, such as cellularphones, tablets, and E-Readers, make use of a touch screen display notonly to deliver display information to the user but also to receiveinputs from user interface commands. While touch screen displays mayincrease the configurability of the handheld device and provide a widevariety of user interface options, this flexibility typically comes at aprice. The dual use of the touch screen to provide content and receiveuser commands, while flexible for the user, may obfuscate the displayand cause visual clutter, thereby leading to user frustration and lossof productivity.

The small form factor of handheld computing devices requires a carefulbalancing between the displayed graphics and the area provided forreceiving inputs. On the one hand, the small display constrains thedisplay space, which may increase the difficulty of interpreting actionsor results. On the other hand, a virtual keypad or other user interfacescheme is superimposed on or positioned adjacent to an executingapplication, requiring the application to be squeezed into an evensmaller portion of the display.

This balancing act is particularly difficult for single display touchscreen devices. Single display touch screen devices are crippled bytheir limited screen space. When users are entering information into thedevice, through the single display, the ability to interpret informationin the display can be severely hampered, particularly when a complexinteraction between display and interface is required.

SUMMARY

There is a need for a dual multi-display handheld computing device thatprovides for enhanced power and/or versatility compared to conventionalsingle display handheld computing devices. These and other needs areaddressed by the various aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations ofthe present disclosure. Also, while the disclosure is presented in termsof exemplary embodiments, it should be appreciated that individualaspects of the disclosure can be separately claimed.

A handheld communication device includes first and second screenassemblies, each including a screen having an active display area andhousing having a rear surface, and a side surface extending between aperiphery of the screen and the rear surface of the housing and a hingeconnected to the first and second screen assemblies, whereby, when thehinge is in the fully opened position, the hinge is configured to enablea distance between the first and second active display areas to be nomore than about 10 mm.

The device is foldable between an open position in which a first planeof the first screen is transverse to a second plane of the second screenand a closed position in which the first and second screens are orientedsubstantially back-to-back in adjacent planes. Each of the first andsecond planes defines an angle δ relative to a common plane that can begreater than 0 but no more than about 10 degrees.

The present disclosure can provide a number of advantages depending onthe particular aspect, embodiment, and/or configuration. For example,currently, the consumer electronics industry is dominated bysingle-screen devices. Unfortunately, these devices are limited in themanner in which they can efficiently display information and receiveuser input. Specifically, multiple applications and desktops cannot beadequately shown on a single screen and require the user to constantlyswitch between displayed pages to access content from more than oneapplication. Additionally, user input devices such as keyboards,touch-sensitive or capacitive displays, and hardware interface buttonsare usually reduced in size to fit onto a single-screen device.Manipulating this type of device, and being forced to switch betweenmultiple applications that only use one screen results in user fatigue,frustration, and in some cases repetitive motion injuries.

Recently, dual-screen devices have been made available to consumers ofelectronic devices. However, the currently available dual-screen deviceshave failed to adequately address the needs of the consumer. Althoughthe devices include two screens in their design, the devices tend to becumbersome and difficult to maneuver. In particular, the typicaldual-screen device has a relatively large envelope that detracts fromthe utility and aesthetics of the device. For example, as the envelopeof the device increases in size, a user experiences increased difficultyin storing and/or using the device, for example as a mobile phone. Inaddition, the typical dual-screen device includes a bulky hinge thatincreases the overall envelope of the device. The present disclosureaddresses the limitations of the traditional single/dual-screen devicesand provides advantages in envelope size and maneuverability.

In embodiments, the present disclosure provides a dual-screen deviceemploying a mechanical design that reduces the overall envelope of thedevice while providing a robust housing that protects the internalcomponents of the device. The black inter-display seam commonlyencountered in dual screen devices can be rendered substantiallyinvisible to the viewer, in large part due to the small distance betweenthe first and second screens. The hinge can be compact and incorporatedinto the body of the device 100, thereby substantially minimizing theinter-screen gap or seam between the juxtaposed screens. In embodiments,the device may utilize a selectively reinforced outer shell configuredto reduce the thickness of the device. In some areas, the outer shellmay be reinforced by additional material and/or internal components ofthe device, thereby enabling the envelope of the housing to be reducedas compared to typical dual-screen devices. For example, a polymericmaterial may be nanomolded on the housing to provide rigidity topredetermined areas of the housing. As another example, stiffeners maybe selectively associated with the interior of the housing to providerigidity to predetermined locations of the housing while not detractingfrom the overall size or appearance of the device. As a further example,operable device components, such as a battery and/or a printed circuitboard, may be utilized to provide rigidity to the housing. Furthermore,in embodiments, the device may utilize a backing plate configured toprovide rigidity and consistent behavior for at least one buttonassociated with the device. The backing plate also may be utilized todefine a datum for positioning a component, such as a battery, withinthe housing. Moreover, in embodiments, the device may utilize a compacthinge that is substantially disposed within an outer envelope of thedevice. The hinge may be at least partially disposed within opposingsidewalls of the dual screens and thus not detract from the overall sizeand/or appearance of the device. The hinge may include a plurality ofaxes, enabling a user to easily maneuver the dual screens betweenvarious orientations. Additionally, in embodiments, the device mayinclude a secondary support for a dock connector to accommodate variousmisalignments and/or other connection issues with a peripheral device.In embodiments, the secondary support and/or the dock connector are notstructurally connected to a printed circuit board, thereby removing theprinted circuit board from the dock connector load path, which candamage the printed circuit board. These and other advantages will beapparent from the disclosure.

The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and/or” are open-endedexpressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. Forexample, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at leastone of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B,or C” and “A, B, and/or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and Btogether, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.

The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. Assuch, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can beused interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms“comprising”, “including”, and “having” can be used interchangeably.

The term “automatic” and variations thereof, as used herein, refers toany process or operation done without material human input when theprocess or operation is performed. However, a process or operation canbe automatic, even though performance of the process or operation usesmaterial or immaterial human input, if the input is received beforeperformance of the process or operation. Human input is deemed to bematerial if such input influences how the process or operation will beperformed. Human input that consents to the performance of the processor operation is not deemed to be “material”.

The term “computer-readable medium” as used herein refers to anytangible storage and/or transmission medium that participate inproviding instructions to a processor for execution. Such a medium maytake many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media,volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, forexample, NVRAM, or magnetic or optical disks. Volatile media includesdynamic memory, such as main memory. Common forms of computer-readablemedia include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk,magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, magneto-optical medium, aCD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any otherphysical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, aFLASH-EPROM, a solid state medium like a memory card, any other memorychip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any othermedium from which a computer can read. A digital file attachment toe-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives isconsidered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storagemedium. When the computer-readable media is configured as a database, itis to be understood that the database may be any type of database, suchas relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like.Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include a tangible storagemedium or distribution medium and prior art-recognized equivalents andsuccessor media, in which the software implementations of the presentdisclosure are stored.

The term “desktop” refers to a metaphor used to portray systems. Adesktop is generally considered a “surface” that typically includespictures, called icons, widgets, folders, etc. that can activate showapplications, windows, cabinets, files, folders, documents, and othergraphical items. The icons are generally selectable to initiate a taskthrough user interface interaction to allow a user to executeapplications or conduct other operations.

The term “screen,” “touch screen,” or “touchscreen” refers to a physicalstructure that includes one or more hardware components that provide thedevice with the ability to render a user interface and/or receive userinput. A screen can encompass any combination of gesture capture region,a touch sensitive display, and/or a configurable area. The device canhave one or more physical screens embedded in the hardware. However ascreen may also include an external peripheral device that may beattached and detached from the device. In embodiments, multiple externaldevices may be attached to the device. Thus, in embodiments, the screencan enable the user to interact with the device by touching areas on thescreen and provides information to a user through a display. The touchscreen may sense user contact in a number of different ways, such as bya change in an electrical parameter (e.g., resistance or capacitance),acoustic wave variations, infrared radiation proximity detection, lightvariation detection, and the like. In a resistive touch screen, forexample, normally separated conductive and resistive metallic layers inthe screen pass an electrical current. When a user touches the screen,the two layers make contact in the contacted location, whereby a changein electrical field is noted and the coordinates of the contactedlocation calculated. In a capacitive touch screen, a capacitive layerstores electrical charge, which is discharged to the user upon contactwith the touch screen, causing a decrease in the charge of thecapacitive layer. The decrease is measured, and the contacted locationcoordinates determined. In a surface acoustic wave touch screen, anacoustic wave is transmitted through the screen, and the acoustic waveis disturbed by user contact. A receiving transducer detects the usercontact instance and determines the contacted location coordinates.

The term “display” refers to a portion of one or more screens used todisplay the output of a computer to a user. A display may be asingle-screen display or a multi-screen display, referred to as acomposite display. A composite display can encompass the touch sensitivedisplay of one or more screens. A single physical screen can includemultiple displays that are managed as separate logical displays. Thus,different content can be displayed on the separate displays althoughpart of the same physical screen.

The term “displayed image” refers to an image produced on the display. Atypical displayed image is a window or desktop. The displayed image mayoccupy all or a portion of the display.

The term “display orientation” refers to the way in which a rectangulardisplay is oriented by a user for viewing. The two most common types ofdisplay orientation are portrait and landscape. In landscape mode, thedisplay is oriented such that the width of the display is greater thanthe height of the display (such as a 4:3 ratio, which is 4 units wideand 3 units tall, or a 16:9 ratio, which is 16 units wide and 9 unitstall). Stated differently, the longer dimension of the display isoriented substantially horizontal in landscape mode while the shorterdimension of the display is oriented substantially vertical. In theportrait mode, by contrast, the display is oriented such that the widthof the display is less than the height of the display. Stateddifferently, the shorter dimension of the display is orientedsubstantially horizontal in the portrait mode while the longer dimensionof the display is oriented substantially vertical.

The term “composited display” refers to a logical structure that definesa display that can encompass one or more screens. A multi-screen displaycan be associated with a composite display that encompasses all thescreens. The composite display can have different displaycharacteristics based on the various orientations of the device.

The term “gesture” refers to a user action that expresses an intendedidea, action, meaning, result, and/or outcome. The user action caninclude manipulating a device (e.g., opening or closing a device,changing a device orientation, moving a trackball or wheel, etc.),movement of a body part in relation to the device, movement of animplement or tool in relation to the device, audio inputs, etc. Agesture may be made on a device (such as on the screen) or with thedevice to interact with the device.

The term “module” as used herein refers to any known or later developedhardware, software, firmware, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, orcombination of hardware and software that is capable of performing thefunctionality associated with that element.

The term “gesture capture” refers to a sense or otherwise a detection ofan instance and/or type of user gesture. The gesture capture can occurin one or more areas of the screen, A gesture region can be on thedisplay, where it may be referred to as a touch sensitive display or offthe display where it may be referred to as a gesture capture area.

A “multi-screen application” refers to an application that is capable ofmultiple modes. The multi-screen application mode can include, but isnot limited to, a single screen mode (where the application is displayedon a single screen) or a composite display mode (where the applicationis displayed on two or more screens). A multi-screen application canhave different layouts optimized for the mode. Thus, the multi-screenapplication can have different layouts for a single screen or for acomposite display that can encompass two or more screens. The differentlayouts may have different screen/display dimensions and/orconfigurations on which the user interfaces of the multi-screenapplications can be rendered. The different layouts allow theapplication to optimize the application's user interface for the type ofdisplay, e.g., single screen or multiple screens. In single screen mode,the multi-screen application may present one window pane of information.In a composite display mode, the multi-screen application may presentmultiple window panes of information or may provide a larger and aricher presentation because there is more space for the displaycontents. The multi-screen applications may be designed to adaptdynamically to changes in the device and the mode depending on whichdisplay (single or composite) the system assigns to the multi-screenapplication. In alternative embodiments, the user can use a gesture torequest the application transition to a different mode, and, if adisplay is available for the requested mode, the device can allow theapplication to move to that display and transition modes.

A “single-screen application” refers to an application that is capableof single screen mode. Thus, the single-screen application can produceonly one window and may not be capable of different modes or differentdisplay dimensions. A single-screen application is incapable of theseveral modes discussed with the multi-screen application.

The term “window” refers to a, typically rectangular, displayed image onat least part of a display that contains or provides content differentfrom the rest of the screen. The window may obscure the desktop.

The terms “determine”, “calculate” and “compute,” and variationsthereof, as used herein, are used interchangeably and include any typeof methodology, process, mathematical operation or technique.

It shall be understood that the term “means” as used herein shall begiven its broadest possible interpretation in accordance with 35 U.S.C.,Section 112, Paragraph 6. Accordingly, a claim incorporating the term“means” shall cover all structures, materials, or acts set forth herein,and all of the equivalents thereof. Further, the structures, materialsor acts and the equivalents thereof shall include all those described inthe summary of the invention, brief description of the drawings,detailed description, abstract, and claims themselves.

Unless otherwise indicated, all dimensions included in the figures areto be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about”.All dimensions included in the figures have units of millimeters ordegrees.

The preceding is a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide anunderstanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is neitheran extensive nor exhaustive overview of the disclosure and its variousaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations. It is intended neither toidentify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate thescope of the disclosure but to present selected concepts of thedisclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detaileddescription presented below. As will be appreciated, other aspects,embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure are possibleutilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features setforth above or described in detail below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A includes a first view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1B includes a second view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1C includes a third view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1D includes a fourth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1E includes a fifth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1F includes a sixth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1G includes a seventh view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1H includes a eighth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1I includes a ninth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1J includes a tenth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1K includes an eleventh view of an embodiment of a multi-screenuser device;

FIG. 1L includes a twelfth view of an embodiment of a multi-screen userdevice;

FIG. 1M includes a thirteenth view of an embodiment of a multi-screenuser device;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the hardware of thedevice;

FIG. 3A is a block diagram of an embodiment of the state model for thedevice based on the device's orientation and/or configuration;

FIG. 3B is a table of an embodiment of the state model for the devicebased on the device's orientation and/or configuration;

FIG. 4A is a first representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4B is a second representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4C is a third representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4D is a fourth representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4E is a fifth representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4F is a sixth representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4G is a seventh representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 4H is a eighth representation of an embodiment of user gesturereceived at a device;

FIG. 5A is a block diagram of an embodiment of the device softwareand/or firmware;

FIG. 5B is a second block diagram of an embodiment of the devicesoftware and/or firmware;

FIG. 6A is a first representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6B is a second representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6C is a third representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6D is a fourth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6E is a fifth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6F is a sixth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6G is a seventh representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6H is a eighth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6I is a ninth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 6J is a tenth representation of an embodiment of a deviceconfiguration generated in response to the device state;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a first housing andsecond housing of a multi-screen device;

FIGS. 8A-I are views of an embodiment of a hinge with exampledimensions;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a first and secondhousing of a multi-screen device with a flexible circuit passing throughan internal passage of the hinge;

FIG. 10 is a view of an embodiment of a first housing;

FIGS. 11A-C are views of an embodiment of a backing plate with exampledimensions;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a second housing;

FIGS. 13A-C are views of an embodiment of a corrugated stiffener withexample dimensions;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a second housing with an input/outputretainer bracket;

FIGS. 15A-D are views of an embodiment of an input/output retainerbracket with example dimensions

FIG. 16 is a side view of the device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged view of the first and second screen assembliesaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 18 is a top view of a section 1800 (FIG. 1B) according to anembodiment;

FIG. 19 is a plan view of a flexible electrically conductive memberaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 20A is a sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20B is a sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20C is a sectional view along line C-C of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20D is a sectional view along line D-D of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20E is a sectional view along line E-E of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20F is a sectional view along line F-F of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20G is a sectional view along line G-G of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20H is a sectional view along line H-H of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20J is a sectional view along line J-J of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20K is a sectional view along line K-K of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20L is a sectional view along line L-L of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20M is a sectional view along line M-M of FIG. 19;

FIG. 20N is a sectional view along line N-N of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21A is a top view of a display panel frame according to anembodiment;

FIG. 21B is a bottom view of the display panel frame;

FIG. 22A is a sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 21A

FIG. 22B is a sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22C is a sectional view along line C-C of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22D is a sectional view along line D-D of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22E is an enlarged view of the highlighted feature of FIG. 22A;

FIG. 22F is an enlarged view of the highlighted feature of FIG. 22B;

FIG. 22G is an enlarged view of the highlighted feature of FIG. 22C;

FIG. 22H is an enlarged view of the highlighted feature of FIG. 22D;

FIG. 23 is an isometric view of the device in the fully open position;

FIG. 24 is an exploded view of the device in the fully open positionaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 25 is an exploded view of the device in the fully open positionaccording to an embodiment;

FIG. 26 is a partial side cross-sectional view of the device accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 27 is an enlarged view of the cross-sectional detail of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28A is a top view of the support bracket and light guides accordingto an embodiment;

FIG. 28B is a front view of the support bracket and light guides;

FIG. 28C is a bottom view of the support bracket and light guides;

FIG. 28D is a rear view of the support bracket and light guides;

FIGS. 29A-B depict the light guides in bottom and top views,respectively;

FIG. 30A is a rear view of the device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 30B is a sectional view along line B-B of FIG. 30A;

FIG. 30C is an enlarged view of a sectional view of FIG. 30B;

FIG. 30D is an enlarged view of a sectional view of FIG. 30B;

FIG. 30E depicts the sectional views of FIG. 30B when the device is inthe fully closed position;

FIG. 31A is a rear view of the device according to an embodiment;

FIG. 31B are sectional views along line B-B of FIG. 30A;

FIG. 31C is an enlarged view of a sectional view of FIG. 31B; and

FIG. 31D is an enlarged view of a sectional view of FIG. 31B.

In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have thesame reference label. Further, various components of the same type maybe distinguished by following the reference label by a letter thatdistinguishes among the similar components. If only the first referencelabel is used in the specification, the description is applicable to anyone of the similar components having the same first reference labelirrespective of the second reference label.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Presented herein are embodiments of a device. The device can be acommunications device, such as a cellular telephone, or other smartdevice. The device can include two screens that are oriented to provideseveral unique display configurations. Further, the device can receiveuser input in unique ways. The overall design and functionality of thedevice provides for an enhanced user experience making the device moreuseful and more efficient.

Mechanical Features:

FIGS. 1A-1M illustrate a device 100 in accordance with embodiments ofthe present disclosure. As described in greater detail below, device 100can be positioned in a number of different ways each of which providesdifferent functionality to a user. The device 100 is a multi-screendevice that includes a first screen 104 and a second screen 108, both ofwhich are touch sensitive. In embodiments, the entire front surface ofscreens 104 and 108 may be touch sensitive and capable of receivinginput by a user touching the front surface 102 of the screens 104 and108. First screen 104 includes touch sensitive display 110, which, inaddition to being touch sensitive, also displays information to a user.Second screen 108 includes touch sensitive display 114, which alsodisplays information to a user. In other embodiments, screens 104 and108 may include more than one display area.

First screen 104 also includes a configurable area 112 that has beenconfigured for specific inputs when the user touches portions of theconfigurable area 112. Second screen 108 also includes a configurablearea 116 that has been configured for specific inputs. Areas 112 a and116 a have been configured to receive a “back” input indicating that auser would like to view information previously displayed. Areas 112 band 116 b have been configured to receive a “menu” input indicating thatthe user would like to view options from a menu. Areas 112 c and 116 chave been configured to receive a “home” input indicating that the userwould like to view information associated with a “home” view. In otherembodiments, areas 112 a-c and 116 a-c may be configured, in addition tothe configurations described above, for other types of specific inputsincluding controlling features of device 100, some non-limiting examplesincluding adjusting overall system power, adjusting the volume,adjusting the brightness, adjusting the vibration, selecting ofdisplayed items (on either of screen 104 or 108), operating a camera,operating a microphone, and initiating/terminating of telephone calls.Also, in some embodiments, areas 112 a-c and 116 a-c may be configuredfor specific inputs depending upon the application running on device 100and/or information displayed on touch sensitive displays 110 and/or 114.

In addition to touch sensing, first screen 104 and second screen 108 mayalso include areas that receive input from a user without requiring theuser to touch the display area of the screen. For example, first screen104 includes gesture capture area 120, and second screen 108 includesgesture capture area 124. These areas are able to receive input byrecognizing gestures made by a user without the need for the user toactually touch the surface of the display area. In comparison to touchsensitive displays 110 and 114, the gesture capture areas 120 and 124are commonly not capable of rendering a displayed image.

The two screens 104 and 108 are connected together with a hinge 128,shown clearly in FIG. 1C (illustrating a rear view of device 100). Hinge128, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A-1M, is a center hinge thatconnects screens 104 and 108 so that when the hinge is closed, screens104 and 108 are juxtaposed (i.e., side-by-side) as shown in FIG. 1B(illustrating a front view of device 100). Hinge 128 can be opened toposition the two screens 104 and 108 in different relative positions toeach other. As described in greater detail below, the device 100 mayhave different functionalities depending on the relative positions ofscreens 104 and 108.

FIG. 1D illustrates the right side of device 100. As shown in FIG. 1D,second screen 108 also includes a card slot 132 and a port 136 on itsside. Card slot 132 in embodiments, accommodates different types ofcards including a subscriber identity module (SIM). Port 136 inembodiments is an input/output port (I/O port) that allows device 100 tobe connected to other peripheral devices, such as a display, keyboard,or printing device. As can be appreciated, these are merely someexamples and in other embodiments device 100 may include other slots andports such as slots and ports for accommodating additional memorydevices and/or for connecting other peripheral devices. Also shown inFIG. 1D is an audio jack 140 that accommodates a tip, ring, sleeve (TRS)connector for example to allow a user to utilize headphones or aheadset.

Device 100 also includes a number of buttons 158. For example, FIG. 1Eillustrates the left side of device 100. As shown in FIG. 1E, the sideof first screen 104 includes three buttons 144, 148, and 152, which canbe configured for specific inputs. For example, buttons 144, 148, and152 may be configured to, in combination or alone, control a number ofaspects of device 100. Some non-limiting examples include overall systempower, volume, brightness, vibration, selection of displayed items (oneither of screen 104 or 108), a camera, a microphone, andinitiation/termination of telephone calls. In some embodiments, insteadof separate buttons two buttons may be combined into a rocker button154, an example of which is shown in FIG. 1L. This arrangement is usefulin situations where the buttons are configured to control features suchas volume or brightness. In addition to buttons 144, 148, and 152,device 100 also includes a button 156, shown in FIG. 1F, whichillustrates the top of device 100. In one embodiment, button 156 isconfigured as an on/off button used to control overall system power todevice 100. In other embodiments, button 156 is configured to, inaddition to or in lieu of controlling system power, control otheraspects of device 100. In some embodiments, one or more of the buttons144, 148, 152, 154, and 156 are capable of supporting different usercommands. By way of example, a normal press has a duration commonly ofless than about 1 second and resembles a quick tap. A medium press has aduration commonly of 1 second or more but less than about 12 seconds. Along press has a duration commonly of about 12 seconds or more. Thefunction of the buttons is normally specific to the application that iscurrently in focus on the respective display 110 and 114. In a telephoneapplication for instance and depending on the particular button, anormal, medium, or long press can mean end call, increase in callvolume, decrease in call volume, and toggle microphone mute. In a cameraor video application for instance and depending on the particularbutton, a normal, medium, or long press can mean increase zoom, decreasezoom, and take photograph or record video.

There are also a number of hardware components within device 100. Asillustrated in FIG. 1C, device 100 includes a speaker 160 and amicrophone 164. Device 100 also includes a camera 168 (FIG. 1B).Additionally, device 100 includes two position sensors 172A and 172B,which are used to determine the relative positions of screens 104 and108. In one embodiment, position sensors 172A and 172B are Hall effectsensors (discussed below with reference to FIGS. 31A-D). However, inother embodiments other sensors can be used in addition to or in lieu ofthe Hall effect sensors. An accelerometer 176 may also be included aspart of device 100 to determine the orientation of the device 100 and/orthe orientation of screens 104 and 108. Additional internal hardwarecomponents that may be included in device 100 are described below withrespect to FIG. 2.

The overall design of device 100 allows it to provide additionalfunctionality not available in other communication devices. Some of thefunctionality is based on the various positions and orientations thatdevice 100 can have. As shown in FIGS. 1B-1G, device 100 can be operatedin an “open” position where screens 104 and 108 are juxtaposed. Thisposition allows a large display area for displaying information to auser. When position sensors 172A and 172B determine that device 100 isin the open position, they can generate a signal that can be used totrigger different events such as displaying information on both screens104 and 108. Additional events may be triggered if accelerometer 176determines that device 100 is in a portrait position (FIG. 1B) asopposed to a landscape position (not shown).

In addition to the open position, device 100 may also have a “closed”position illustrated in FIGS. 1H, 1K, 1L, and 1M. Again, positionsensors 172A and 172B can generate a signal indicating that device 100is in the “closed” position. This can trigger an event that results in achange of displayed information on screen 104 and/or 108. For example,device 100 may be programmed to stop displaying information on one ofthe screens, e.g., screen 108, since a user can only view one screen ata time when device 100 is in the “closed” position. In otherembodiments, the signal generated by position sensors 172A and 172B,indicating that the device 100 is in the “closed” position, can triggerdevice 100 to answer an incoming telephone call. The “closed” positioncan also be a preferred position for utilizing the device 100 as amobile phone.

Device 100 may also have a beveled edge to assist a user in gripping andopening the device 100 when in the closed position. FIGS. 1K-1Millustrate side views of embodiments of a device 100 having a bevelededge 180 formed in at least one side of at least one of the screens 104and 108. In the depicted example, each screen 104 and 108 has a frontsurface 102, a rear surface 184, and a beveled edge 180 extendingbetween the front surface 102 and the rear surface 184. When the deviceis in the closed position, the beveled edge 180 of each screen 104 and108 angles inwardly toward the other respective screen 104 and 108 toprovide an angled surface configured to facilitate gripping and/oropening the device 100. To open the device 100 from the closed position,a user may place at least one finger on a beveled edge 180 to pry openthe device 100.

The beveled edge 180 can be formed at various angles relative to thefront and/or rear surfaces 102 and 184 of the respective screens 104 and108. In one embodiment, a beveled edge 180 is formed in each screen 104and 108 at an angle between about 30 to about 90 degrees relative to thefront surface 102 of the respective screens 104 and 108. In anotherembodiment, a beveled edge 180 is formed in each screen 104 and 108 atan angle between about 60 to about 85 degrees relative to the frontsurface 102 of the respective screens 104 and 108. If formed in eachscreen 104 and 108, the beveled edge 180 of each screen 104 and 108 maybe formed at approximately the same angle, or different angles, relativeto the front surface 102 of the respective screens 104 and 108.

The beveled edge 180 can be formed in various sides of at least one ofthe screens 104 and 108. For example, at least one side of at least oneof the screens 104 and 108 may be angled relative to the front and/orrear surfaces 102 and/or 184 of the respective screen. In oneembodiment, at least one side of the first screen 104 and at least oneside of the second screen 108 is angled relative to the front and rearsurfaces 102 and 184 of the respective screen. Referring to FIGS. 1K-1M,the beveled edge 180 is formed in at least a portion of three sides 188a, 188 b, and 188 c of each screen 104 and 108. Referring specificallyto FIG. 1L, a view of the left side 188 a of the device 100 is providedand illustrates a beveled edge 180 formed in a portion of the top side188 b and the bottom side 188 c of each screen 104 and 108. Referringnow to FIG. 1K, a view of the bottom side 188 c of the device 100 isprovided and illustrates the beveled edge 180 formed in a portion of thebottom side 188 c of each screen 104 and 108 and further illustrates thebeveled edge 180 formed in the left side 188 a of each screen 104 and108. Also illustrated in FIG. 1K, the beveled edge 180 does not extendto the right side 188 d of the device 100. Referring to FIG. 1M, a viewof the right side 188 d of the device 100 is provided and illustratesthe hinge 128 positioned centrally in the right side 188 d of the device100.

Referring still to FIGS. 1K-1M, the beveled edge 180 may be formed ineach screen 104 and 108 to oppose each other when the device is in theclosed position. For example, the beveled edge 180 illustrated in FIGS.1K-1M is formed in the same sides of the screens 104 and 108 and isformed in each screen to be substantially a mirror image about the backsurfaces 184 of the screens 104 and 108 when the device is in the closedposition. In alternative embodiments, the beveled edge 180 may be formedin non-complementary locations along the sides of the device 100. Forexample, a beveled edge 180 may be formed on different sides of thescreens 104 and 108 and/or on an adjacent side but in differentlocations along the respective side of the device 100.

Audio jacks, buttons, ports, and/or slots can be included in the bevelededge 180. In FIG. 1L, a button 152 and a rocker button 154 areassociated with the beveled edge 180 of the first screen 104, and anaudio jack 140, a card slot 132 and a port 136 are formed in the bevelededge 180 of the second screen 108. The button, ports, and/or slots canbe included in a beveled edge 180 of any screen or side of the device100.

Other features also can be associated with the beveled edge 180 tofacilitate gripping and/or opening the device 100. For example, anelastomeric material, such as rubber, may be adhered to the beveled edge180 to improve grip. As another example, surface protuberances, such asdetents, protrusions, and/or ridges, may be formed in or connected tothe beveled edge 180 to assist in gripping and/or opening the device100. In alternative embodiments, these other features may be associatedwith non-beveled portions of at least one side of at least one screen ofthe device 100 to ease gripping and/or opening the device 100.

In embodiments, at least one side 188 a, 188 b, 188 c, and 188 d of atleast one screen 104 and 108 can be arcuate shaped. For example, atleast one side can be convex and/or concave to facilitate grippingand/or opening the device 100. In addition, at least one edge of thefront surface 102 and/or rear surface 184 of the first screen 104 and/orsecond screen 108 may be rounded. In one embodiment, every edge of thefront surface 102 and the rear surface 184 of each screen 104 and 108 isrounded with a predetermined radius of curvature to remove all sharpedges of the device 100.

Device 100 can also be used in an “easel” position which is illustratedin FIG. 1I. In the “easel” position, screens 104 and 108 are angled withrespect to each other and facing outward with the edges of screens 104and 108 substantially horizontal. In this position, device 100 can beconfigured to display information on both screens 104 and 108 to allowtwo users to simultaneously interact with device 100. When device 100 isin the “easel” position, sensors 172A and 172B generate a signalindicating that the screens 104 and 108 are positioned at an angle toeach other, and the accelerometer 176 can generate a signal indicatingthat device 100 has been placed so that the edge of screens 104 and 108are substantially horizontal. The signals can then be used incombination to generate events that trigger changes in the display ofinformation on screens 104 and 108.

FIG. 1J illustrates device 100 in a “modified easel” position. In the“modified easel” position, one of screens 104 or 108 is used as a standand is faced down on the surface of an object such as a table. Thisposition provides a convenient way for information to be displayed to auser in landscape orientation. Similar to the easel position, whendevice 100 is in the “modified easel” position, position sensors 172Aand 172B generate a signal indicating that the screens 104 and 108 arepositioned at an angle to each other. The accelerometer 176 wouldgenerate a signal indicating that device 100 has been positioned so thatone of screens 104 and 108 is faced downwardly and is substantiallyhorizontal. The signals can then be used to generate events that triggerchanges in the display of information of screens 104 and 108. Forexample, information may not be displayed on the screen that is facedown since a user cannot see the screen.

Transitional states are also possible. When the position sensors 172Aand B and/or accelerometer indicate that the screens are being closed orfolded (from open), a closing transitional state is recognized.Conversely when the position sensors 172A and B indicate that thescreens are being opened or folded (from closed), an openingtransitional state is recognized. The closing and opening transitionalstates are typically time-based, or have a maximum time duration from asensed starting point. Normally, no user input is possible when one ofthe closing and opening states is in effect. In this manner, incidentaluser contact with a screen during the closing or opening function is notmisinterpreted as user input. In embodiments, another transitional stateis possible when the device 100 is closed. This additional transitionalstate allows the display to switch from one screen 104 to the secondscreen 108 when the device 100 is closed based on some user input, e.g.,a double tap on the screen 110,114.

As can be appreciated, the description of device 100 is made forillustrative purposes only, and the embodiments are not limited to thespecific mechanical features shown in FIGS. 1A-1M and described above.In other embodiments, device 100 may include additional features,including one or more additional buttons, slots, display areas, hinges,and/or locking mechanisms. Additionally, in embodiments, the featuresdescribed above may be located in different parts of device 100 andstill provide similar functionality. Therefore, FIGS. 1A-1M and thedescription provided above are nonlimiting.

Hardware Features:

FIG. 2 illustrates components of a device 100 in accordance withembodiments of the present disclosure. In general, the device 100includes a first screen 104 and a second screen 108. While the firstscreen 104 and its components are normally enabled in both the openedand closed positions or states, the second screen 108 and its componentsare normally enabled in the opened state but disabled in the closedstate. However, even when in the closed state a user or applicationtriggered interrupt (such as in response to a phone application orcamera application operation) can flip the active screen, or disable thefirst screen 104 and enable the second screen 108, by a suitablecommand. Each screen 104, 108 can be touch sensitive and can includedifferent operative areas. For example, a first operative area, withineach touch sensitive screen 104 and 108, may comprise a touch sensitivedisplay 110, 114. In general, the touch sensitive display 110, 114 maycomprise a full color, touch sensitive display. A second area withineach touch sensitive screen 104 and 108 may comprise a gesture captureregion 120, 124. The gesture capture region 120, 124 may comprise anarea or region that is outside of the touch sensitive display 110, 114area, and that is capable of receiving input, for example in the form ofgestures provided by a user. However, the gesture capture region 120,124 does not include pixels that can perform a display function orcapability.

A third region of the touch sensitive screens 104 and 108 may comprise aconfigurable area 112, 116. The configurable area 112, 116 is capable ofreceiving input and has display or limited display capabilities. Inembodiments, the configurable area 112, 116 may present different inputoptions to the user. For example, the configurable area 112, 116 maydisplay buttons or other relatable items. Moreover, the identity ofdisplayed buttons, or whether any buttons are displayed at all withinthe configurable area 112, 116 of a touch sensitive screen 104 or 108,may be determined from the context in which the device 100 is usedand/or operated. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch sensitive screens104 and 108 comprise liquid crystal display devices extending across atleast those regions of the touch sensitive screens 104 and 108 that arecapable of providing visual output to a user, and a capacitive inputmatrix over those regions of the touch sensitive screens 104 and 108that are capable of receiving input from the user.

One or more display controllers 216 a, 216 b may be provided forcontrolling the operation of the touch sensitive screens 104 and 108,including input (touch sensing) and output (display) functions. In theexemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, a separate touch screencontroller 216 a or 216 b is provided for each touch screen 104 and 108.In accordance with alternate embodiments, a common or shared touchscreen controller may be used to control each of the included touchsensitive screens 104 and 108. In accordance with still otherembodiments, the functions of a touch screen controller may beincorporated into other components, such as a processor 204.

The processor 204 may comprise a general purpose programmable processoror controller for executing application programming or instructions. Inaccordance with at least some embodiments, the processor 204 may includemultiple processor cores, and/or implement multiple virtual processors.In accordance with still other embodiments, the processor 204 mayinclude multiple physical processors. As a particular example, theprocessor 204 may comprise a specially configured application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC) or other integrated circuit, a digital signalprocessor, a controller, a hardwired electronic or logic circuit, aprogrammable logic device or gate array, a special purpose computer, orthe like. The processor 204 generally functions to run programming codeor instructions implementing various functions of the device 100.

A communication device 100 may also include memory 208 for use inconnection with the execution of application programming or instructionsby the processor 204, and for the temporary or long term storage ofprogram instructions and/or data. As examples, the memory 208 maycomprise RAM, DRAM, SDRAM, or other solid state memory. Alternatively orin addition, data storage 212 may be provided. Like the memory 208, thedata storage 212 may comprise a solid state memory device or devices.Alternatively or in addition, the data storage 212 may comprise a harddisk drive or other random access memory.

In support of communications functions or capabilities, the device 100can include a cellular telephony module 228. As examples, the cellulartelephony module 228 can comprise a GSM, CDMA, FDMA and/or analogcellular telephony transceiver capable of supporting voice, multimediaand/or data transfers over a cellular network. Alternatively or inaddition, the device 100 can include an additional or other wirelesscommunications module 232. As examples, the other wirelesscommunications module 232 can comprise a Wi-Fi, BLUETOOTH™, WiMax,infrared, or other wireless communications link. The cellular telephonymodule 228 and the other wireless communications module 232 can each beassociated with a shared or a dedicated antenna 224.

A port interface 252 may be included. The port interface 252 may includeproprietary or universal ports to support the interconnection of thedevice 100 to other devices or components, such as a dock, which may ormay not include additional or different capabilities from those integralto the device 100. In addition to supporting an exchange ofcommunication signals between the device 100 and another device orcomponent, the docking port 136 and/or port interface 252 can supportthe supply of power to or from the device 100. The port interface 252also comprises an intelligent element that comprises a docking modulefor controlling communications or other interactions between the device100 and a connected device or component.

An input/output module 248 and associated ports may be included tosupport communications over wired networks or links, for example withother communication devices, server devices, and/or peripheral devices.Examples of an input/output module 248 include an Ethernet port, aUniversal Serial Bus (USB) port, Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 1394, or other interface.

An audio input/output interface/device(s) 244 can be included to provideanalog audio to an interconnected speaker or other device, and toreceive analog audio input from a connected microphone or other device.As an example, the audio input/output interface/device(s) 244 maycomprise an associated amplifier and analog to digital converter.Alternatively or in addition, the device 100 can include an integratedaudio input/output device 256 and/or an audio jack for interconnectingan external speaker or microphone. For example, an integrated speakerand an integrated microphone can be provided, to support near talk orspeaker phone operations.

Hardware buttons 158 can be included for example for use in connectionwith certain control operations. Examples include a master power switch,volume control, etc., as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1A through1J. One or more image capture interfaces/devices 240, such as a camera,can be included for capturing still and/or video images. Alternativelyor in addition, an image capture interface/device 240 can include ascanner or code reader. An image capture interface/device 240 caninclude or be associated with additional elements, such as a flash orother light source.

The device 100 can also include a global positioning system (GPS)receiver 236. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention,the GPS receiver 236 may further comprise a GPS module that is capableof providing absolute location information to other components of thedevice 100. An accelerometer(s) 176 may also be included. For example,in connection with the display of information to a user and/or otherfunctions, a signal from the accelerometer 176 can be used to determinean orientation and/or format in which to display that information to theuser.

Embodiments of the present invention can also include one or moreposition sensor(s) 172. The position sensor 172 can provide a signalindicating the position of the touch sensitive screens 104 and 108relative to one another. This information can be provided as an input,for example to a user interface application, to determine an operatingmode, characteristics of the touch sensitive displays 110, 114, and/orother device 100 operations. As examples, a screen position sensor 172can comprise a series of Hall effect sensors, a reed switch, a multipleposition switch, an optical switch, a Wheatstone bridge, apotentiometer, a mechanical switch on the hinge 128, or otherarrangement capable of providing a signal indicating of multiplerelative positions the touch screens are in.

Communications between various components of the device 100 can becarried by one or more buses 222. In addition, power can be supplied tothe components of the device 100 from a power source and/or powercontrol module 260. The power control module 260 can, for example,include a battery, an AC to DC converter, power control logic, and/orports for interconnecting the device 100 to an external source of power.

Device State:

FIGS. 3A and 3B represent illustrative states of device 100. While anumber of illustrative states are shown, and transitions from a firststate to a second state, it is to be appreciated that the illustrativestate diagram may not encompass all possible states and/or all possibletransitions from a first state to a second state. As illustrated in FIG.3, the various arrows between the states (illustrated by the staterepresented in the circle) represent a physical change that occurs tothe device 100, that is detected by one or more of hardware andsoftware, the detection triggering one or more of a hardware and/orsoftware interrupt that is used to control and/or manage one or morefunctions of device 100.

As illustrated in FIG. 3A, there are twelve exemplary “physical” states:closed 304, transition 308 (or opening transitional state), easel 312,modified easel 316, open 320, inbound/outbound call or communication324, image/video capture 328, transition 332 (or closing transitionalstate), landscape 340, docked 336, docked 344 and landscape 348. Next toeach illustrative state is a representation of the physical state of thedevice 100 with the exception of states 324 and 328, where the state isgenerally symbolized by the international icon for a telephone and theicon for a camera, respectfully.

In state 304, the device is in a closed state with the device 100generally oriented in the portrait direction with the first screen 104and the second screen 108 back-to-back in different planes (see FIG.1H). From the closed state, the device 100 can enter, for example,docked state 336, where the device 100 is coupled with a dockingstation, docking cable, or in general docked or associated with one ormore other devices or peripherals, or the landscape state 340, where thedevice 100 is generally oriented with the first screen 104 facing theuser, and the first screen 104 and the second screen 108 beingback-to-back.

In the closed state, the device can also move to a transitional statewhere the device remains closed but the display is moved from one screen104 to another screen 108 based on a user input, e.g., a double tap onthe screen 110, 114. Still another embodiment includes a bilateralstate. In the bilateral state, the device remains closed, but a singleapplication displays at least one window on both the first display 110and the second display 114. The windows shown on the first and seconddisplay 110, 114 may be the same or different based on the applicationand the state of that application. For example, while acquiring an imagewith a camera, the device may display the view finder on the firstdisplay 110 and displays a preview for the photo subjects (full screenand mirrored left-to-right) on the second display 114.

In state 308, a transition state from the closed state 304 to thesemi-open state or easel state 312, the device 100 is shown opening withthe first screen 104 and the second screen 108 being rotated around apoint of axis coincidence with the hinge. Upon entering the easel state312, the first screen 104 and the second screen 108 are separated fromone another such that, for example, the device 100 can sit in aneasel-like configuration on a surface.

In state 316, known as the modified easel position, the device 100 hasthe first screen 104 and the second screen 108 in a similar relativerelationship to one another as in the easel state 312, with thedifference being one of the first screen 104 or the second screen 108are placed on a surface as shown.

State 320 is the open state where the first screen 104 and the secondscreen 108 are generally on the same plane. From the open state, thedevice 100 can transition to the docked state 344 or the open landscapestate 348. In the open state 320, the first screen 104 and the secondscreen 108 are generally in the portrait-like orientation while inlandscaped state 348 the first screen 104 and the second screen 108 aregenerally in a landscape-like orientation.

State 324 is illustrative of a communication state, such as when aninbound or outbound call is being received or placed, respectively, bythe device 100. While not illustrated for clarity, it should beappreciated the device 100 can transition to the inbound/outbound callstate 324 from any state illustrated in FIG. 3. In a similar manner, theimage/video capture state 328 can be entered into from any other statein FIG. 3, with the image/video capture state 328 allowing the device100 to take one or more images via a camera and/or videos with a videocapture device 240.

Transition state 332 illustratively shows first screen 104 and thesecond screen 108 being closed upon one another for entry into, forexample, the closed state 304.

FIG. 3B illustrates, with reference to the key, the inputs that arereceived to detect a transition from a first state to a second state. InFIG. 3B, various combinations of states are shown with in general, aportion of the columns being directed toward a portrait state 352, alandscape state 356, and a portion of the rows being directed toportrait state 360 and landscape state 364.

In FIG. 3B, the Key indicates that “H” represents an input from one ormore Hall Effect sensors, “A” represents an input from one or moreaccelerometers, “T” represents an input from a timer, “P” represents acommunications trigger input and “I” represents an image and/or videocapture request input. Thus, in the center portion 376 of the chart, aninput, or combination of inputs, are shown that represent how the device100 detects a transition from a first physical state to a secondphysical state.

As discussed, in the center portion of the chart 376, the inputs thatare received enable the detection of a transition from, for example, aportrait open state to a landscape easel state—shown in bold—“HAT.” Forthis exemplary transition from the portrait open to the landscape easelstate, a Hall Effect sensor (“H”), an accelerometer (“A”) and a timer(“T”) input may be needed. The timer input can be derived from, forexample, a clock associated with the processor.

In addition to the portrait and landscape states, a docked state 368 isalso shown that is triggered based on the receipt of a docking signal372. As discussed above and in relation to FIG. 3, the docking signalcan be triggered by the association of the device 100 with one or moreother device 100 s, accessories, peripherals, smart docks, or the like.

User Interaction:

FIGS. 4A through 4H depict various graphical representations of gestureinputs that may be recognized by the screens 104, 108. The gestures maybe performed not only by a user's body part, such as a digit, but alsoby other devices, such as a stylus, that may be sensed by the contactsensing portion(s) of a screen 104, 108. In general, gestures areinterpreted differently, based on where the gestures are performed(either directly on the display 110, 114 or in the gesture captureregion 120, 124). For example, gestures in the display 110,114 may bedirected to a desktop or application, and gestures in the gesturecapture region 120, 124 may be interpreted as for the system.

With reference to FIGS. 4A-4H, a first type of gesture, a touch gesture420, is substantially stationary on the screen 104,108 for a selectedlength of time. A circle 428 represents a touch or other contact typereceived at particular location of a contact sensing portion of thescreen. The circle 428 may include a border 432, the thickness of whichindicates a length of time that the contact is held substantiallystationary at the contact location. For instance, a tap 420 (or shortpress) has a thinner border 432 a than the border 432 b for a long press424 (or for a normal press). The long press 424 may involve a contactthat remains substantially stationary on the screen for longer timeperiod than that of a tap 420. As will be appreciated, differentlydefined gestures may be registered depending upon the length of timethat the touch remains stationary prior to contact cessation or movementon the screen.

With reference to FIG. 4C, a drag gesture 400 on the screen 104,108 isan initial contact (represented by circle 428) with contact movement 436in a selected direction. The initial contact 428 may remain stationaryon the screen 104,108 for a certain amount of time represented by theborder 432. The drag gesture typically requires the user to contact anicon, window, or other displayed image at a first location followed bymovement of the contact in a drag direction to a new second locationdesired for the selected displayed image. The contact movement need notbe in a straight line but have any path of movement so long as thecontact is substantially continuous from the first to the secondlocations.

With reference to FIG. 4D, a flick gesture 404 on the screen 104,108 isan initial contact (represented by circle 428) with truncated contactmovement 436 (relative to a drag gesture) in a selected direction. Inembodiments, a flick has a higher exit velocity for the last movement inthe gesture compared to the drag gesture. The flick gesture can, forinstance, be a finger snap following initial contact. Compared to a draggesture, a flick gesture generally does not require continual contactwith the screen 104,108 from the first location of a displayed image toa predetermined second location. The contacted displayed image is movedby the flick gesture in the direction of the flick gesture to thepredetermined second location. Although both gestures commonly can movea displayed image from a first location to a second location, thetemporal duration and distance of travel of the contact on the screen isgenerally less for a flick than for a drag gesture.

With reference to FIG. 4E, a pinch gesture 408 on the screen 104,108 isdepicted. The pinch gesture 408 may be initiated by a first contact 428to the screen 104,108 by, for example, a first digit and a secondcontact 428 b to the screen 104,108 by, for example, a second digit. Thefirst and second contacts 428 a,b may be detected by a common contactsensing portion of a common screen 104,108, by different contact sensingportions of a common screen 104 or 108, or by different contact sensingportions of different screens. The first contact 428 a is held for afirst amount of time, as represented by the border 432 a, and the secondcontact 428 b is held for a second amount of time, as represented by theborder 432 b. The first and second amounts of time are generallysubstantially the same, and the first and second contacts 428 a, bgenerally occur substantially simultaneously. The first and secondcontacts 428 a, b generally also include corresponding first and secondcontact movements 436 a, b, respectively. The first and second contactmovements 436 a, b are generally in opposing directions. Stated anotherway, the first contact movement 436 a is towards the second contact 436b, and the second contact movement 436 b is towards the first contact436 a. More simply stated, the pinch gesture 408 may be accomplished bya user's digits touching the screen 104,108 in a pinching motion.

With reference to FIG. 4F, a spread gesture 410 on the screen 104,108 isdepicted. The spread gesture 410 may be initiated by a first contact 428a to the screen 104,108 by, for example, a first digit and a secondcontact 428 b to the screen 104,108 by, for example, a second digit. Thefirst and second contacts 428 a,b may be detected by a common contactsensing portion of a common screen 104,108, by different contact sensingportions of a common screen 104,108, or by different contact sensingportions of different screens. The first contact 428 a is held for afirst amount of time, as represented by the border 432 a, and the secondcontact 428 b is held for a second amount of time, as represented by theborder 432 b. The first and second amounts of time are generallysubstantially the same, and the first and second contacts 428 a, bgenerally occur substantially simultaneously. The first and secondcontacts 428 a, b generally also include corresponding first and secondcontact movements 436 a, b, respectively. The first and second contactmovements 436 a, b are generally in a common direction. Stated anotherway, the first and second contact movements 436 a, b are away from thefirst and second contacts 428 a, b. More simply stated, the spreadgesture 410 may be accomplished by a user's digits touching the screen104,108 in a spreading motion.

The above gestures may be combined in any manner, such as those shown byFIGS. 4G and 4H, to produce a determined functional result. For example,in FIG. 4G a tap gesture 420 is combined with a drag or flick gesture412 in a direction away from the tap gesture 420. In FIG. 4H, a tapgesture 420 is combined with a drag or flick gesture 412 in a directiontowards the tap gesture 420.

The functional result of receiving a gesture can vary depending on anumber of factors, including a state of the device 100, display 110,114, or screen 104, 108, a context associated with the gesture, orsensed location of the gesture. The state of the device commonly refersto one or more of a configuration of the device 100, a displayorientation, and user and other inputs received by the device 100.Context commonly refers to one or more of the particular application(s)selected by the gesture and the portion(s) of the application currentlyexecuting, whether the application is a single- or multi-screenapplication, and whether the application is a multi-screen applicationdisplaying one or more windows in one or more screens or in one or morestacks. Sensed location of the gesture commonly refers to whether thesensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are on a touch sensitivedisplay 110, 114 or a gesture capture region 120, 124, whether thesensed set(s) of gesture location coordinates are associated with acommon or different display or screen 104,108, and/or what portion ofthe gesture capture region contains the sensed set(s) of gesturelocation coordinates.

A tap, when received by an a touch sensitive display 110, 114, can beused, for instance, to select an icon to initiate or terminate executionof a corresponding application, to maximize or minimize a window, toreorder windows in a stack, and to provide user input such as bykeyboard display or other displayed image. A drag, when received by atouch sensitive display 110, 114, can be used, for instance, to relocatean icon or window to a desired location within a display, to reorder astack on a display, or to span both displays (such that the selectedwindow occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). A flick, whenreceived by a touch sensitive display 110, 114 or a gesture captureregion 120, 124, can be used to relocate a window from a first displayto a second display or to span both displays (such that the selectedwindow occupies a portion of each display simultaneously). Unlike thedrag gesture, however, the flick gesture is generally not used to movethe displayed image to a specific user-selected location but to adefault location that is not configurable by the user.

The pinch gesture, when received by a touch sensitive display 110, 114or a gesture capture region 120, 124, can be used to minimize orotherwise increase the displayed area or size of a window (typicallywhen received entirely by a common display), to switch windows displayedat the top of the stack on each display to the top of the stack of theother display (typically when received by different displays orscreens), or to display an application manager (a “pop-up window” thatdisplays the windows in the stack). The spread gesture, when received bya touch sensitive display 110, 114 or a gesture capture region 120, 124,can be used to maximize or otherwise decrease the displayed area or sizeof a window, to switch windows displayed at the top of the stack on eachdisplay to the top of the stack of the other display (typically whenreceived by different displays or screens), or to display an applicationmanager (typically when received by an off-screen gesture capture regionon the same or different screens).

The combined gestures of FIG. 4G, when received by a common displaycapture region in a common display or screen 104,108, can be used tohold a first window stack location in a first stack constant for adisplay receiving the gesture while reordering a second window stacklocation in a second window stack to include a window in the displayreceiving the gesture. The combined gestures of FIG. 4H, when receivedby different display capture regions in a common display or screen104,108 or in different displays or screens, can be used to hold a firstwindow stack location in a first window stack constant for a displayreceiving the tap part of the gesture while reordering a second windowstack location in a second window stack to include a window in thedisplay receiving the flick or drag gesture. Although specific gesturesand gesture capture regions in the preceding examples have beenassociated with corresponding sets of functional results, it is to beappreciated that these associations can be redefined in any manner toproduce differing associations between gestures and/or gesture captureregions and/or functional results.

Firmware and Software:

The memory 508 may store and the processor 504 may execute one or moresoftware components. These components can include at least one operatingsystem (OS) 516, an application manager 562, a desktop 566, and/or oneor more applications 564 a and/or 564 b from an application store 560.The OS 516 can include a framework 520, one or more frame buffers 548,one or more drivers 512, previously described in conjunction with FIG.2, and/or a kernel 518. The OS 516 can be any software, consisting ofprograms and data, which manages computer hardware resources andprovides common services for the execution of various applications 564.The OS 516 can be any operating system and, at least in someembodiments, dedicated to mobile devices, including, but not limited to,Linux, ANDROID™, iPhone OS (IOS™), WINDOWS PHONE 7™, etc. The OS 516 isoperable to provide functionality to the phone by executing one or moreoperations, as described herein.

The applications 564 can be any higher level software that executesparticular functionality for the user. Applications 564 can includeprograms such as email clients, web browsers, texting applications,games, media players, office suites, etc. The applications 564 can bestored in an application store 560, which may represent any memory ordata storage, and the management software associated therewith, forstoring the applications 564. Once executed, the applications 564 may berun in a different area of memory 508.

The framework 520 may be any software or data that allows the multipletasks running on the device to interact. In embodiments, at leastportions of the framework 520 and the discrete components describedhereinafter may be considered part of the OS 516 or an application 564.However, these portions will be described as part of the framework 520,but those components are not so limited. The framework 520 can include,but is not limited to, a Multi-Display Management (MDM) module 524, aSurface Cache module 528, a Window Management module 532, an InputManagement module 536, a Task Management module 540, an ApplicationModel Manager 542, a Display Controller, one or more frame buffers 548,a task stack 552, one or more window stacks 550 (which is a logicalarrangement of windows and/or desktops in a display area), and/or anevent buffer 556.

The MDM module 524 includes one or more modules that are operable tomanage the display of applications or other data on the screens of thedevice. An embodiment of the MDM module 524 is described in conjunctionwith FIG. 5B. In embodiments, the MDM module 524 receives inputs fromthe other OS 516 components, such as, the drivers 512, and from theapplications 564 to determine continually the state of the device 100.The inputs assist the MDM module 524 in determining how to configure andallocate the displays according to the application's preferences andrequirements, and the user's actions. Once a determination for displayconfigurations is made, the MDM module 524 can bind the applications 564to a display. The configuration may then be provided to one or moreother components to generate a window with a display.

The Surface Cache module 528 includes any memory or storage and thesoftware associated therewith to store or cache one or more images ofwindows. A series of active and/or non-active windows (or other displayobjects, such as, a desktop display) can be associated with eachdisplay. An active window (or other display object) is currentlydisplayed. A non-active windows (or other display objects) were openedand, at some time, displayed but are now not displayed. To enhance theuser experience, before a window transitions from an active state to aninactive state, a “screen shot” of a last generated image of the window(or other display object) can be stored. The Surface Cache module 528may be operable to store a bitmap of the last active image of a window(or other display object) not currently displayed. Thus, the SurfaceCache module 528 stores the images of non-active windows (or otherdisplay objects) in a data store.

In embodiments, the Window Management module 532 is operable to managethe windows (or other display objects) that are active or not active oneach of the displays. The Window Management module 532, based oninformation from the MDM module 524, the OS 516, or other components,determines when a window (or other display object) is visible or notactive. The Window Management module 532 may then put a non-visiblewindow (or other display object) in a “not active state” and, inconjunction with the Task Management module Task Management 540 suspendsthe application's operation. Further, the Window Management module 532may assign, through collaborative interaction with the MDM module 524, adisplay identifier to the window (or other display object) or manage oneor more other items of data associated with the window (or other displayobject). The Window Management module 532 may also provide the storedinformation to the application 564, the Task Management module 540, orother components interacting with or associated with the window (orother display object). The Window Management module 532 can alsoassociate an input task with a window based on window focus and displaycoordinates within the motion space.

The Input Management module 536 is operable to manage events that occurwith the device. An event is any input into the window environment, forexample, a user interface interactions with a user. The Input Managementmodule 536 receives the events and logically stores the events in anevent buffer 556. Events can include such user interface interactions asa “down event,” which occurs when a screen 104, 108 receives a touchsignal from a user, a “move event,” which occurs when the screen 104,108 determines that a user's finger is moving across a screen(s), an “upevent, which occurs when the screen 104, 108 determines that the userhas stopped touching the screen 104, 108, etc. These events arereceived, stored, and forwarded to other modules by the Input Managementmodule 536. The Input Management module 536 may also map screen inputsto a motion space which is the culmination of all physical and virtualdisplay available on the device.

The motion space is a virtualized space that includes all touchsensitive displays 110,114 “tiled” together to mimic the physicaldimensions of the device 100. For example, when the device 100 isunfolded, the motion space size may be 960×800, which may be the numberof pixels in the combined display area for both touch sensitive displays110, 114. If a user touches on a first touch sensitive display 110 onlocation (40, 40), a full screen window can receive touch event withlocation (40, 40). If a user touches on a second touch sensitive display114, with location (40, 40), the full screen window can receive touchevent with location (520, 40), because the second touch sensitivedisplay 114 is on the right side of the first touch sensitive display110, so the device 100 can offset the touch by the first touch sensitivedisplay's 110 width, which is 480 pixels. When a hardware event occurswith location info from a driver 512, the framework 520 can up-scale thephysical location to the motion space because the location of the eventmay be different based on the device orientation and state. The motionspace may be as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/187,026, filed Jul. 20, 2011, entitled “Systems and Methods forReceiving Gesture Inputs Spanning Multiple Input Devices,” which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all that it teachesand for all purposes.

A task can be an application and a sub-task can be an applicationcomponent that provides a window with which users can interact to dosomething, such as dial the phone, take a photo, send an email, or viewa map. Each task may be given a window in which to draw a userinterface. The window typically fills a display (for example, touchsensitive display 110,114), but may be smaller than the display 110,114and float on top of other windows. An application usually consists ofmultiple sub-tasks that are loosely bound to each other. Typically, onetask in an application is specified as the “main” task, which ispresented to the user when launching the application for the first time.Each task can then start another task or sub-task to perform differentactions.

The Task Management module 540 is operable to manage the operation ofone or more applications 564 that may be executed by the device. Thus,the Task Management module 540 can receive signals to launch, suspend,terminate, etc. an application or application sub-tasks stored in theapplication store 560. The Task Management module 540 may theninstantiate one or more tasks or sub-tasks of the application 564 tobegin operation of the application 564. Further, the Task ManagementModule 540 may launch, suspend, or terminate a task or sub-task as aresult of user input or as a result of a signal from a collaboratingframework 520 component. The Task Management Module 540 is responsiblefor managing the lifecycle of applications (tasks and sub-task) fromwhen the application is launched to when the application is terminated.

The processing of the Task Management Module 540 is facilitated by atask stack 552, which is a logical structure associated with the TaskManagement Module 540. The task stack 552 maintains the state of alltasks and sub-tasks on the device 100. When some component of theoperating system 516 requires a task or sub-task to transition in itslifecycle, the OS 516 component can notify the Task Management Module540. The Task Management Module 540 may then locate the task orsub-task, using identification information, in the task stack 552, andsend a signal to the task or sub-task indicating what kind of lifecycletransition the task needs to execute. Informing the task or sub-task ofthe transition allows the task or sub-task to prepare for the lifecyclestate transition. The Task Management Module 540 can then execute thestate transition for the task or sub-task. In embodiments, the statetransition may entail triggering the OS kernel 518 to terminate the taskwhen termination is required.

Further, the Task Management module 540 may suspend the application 564based on information from the Window Management Module 532. Suspendingthe application 564 may maintain application data in memory but maylimit or stop the application 564 from rendering a window or userinterface. Once the application becomes active again, the TaskManagement module 540 can again trigger the application to render itsuser interface. In embodiments, if a task is suspended, the task maysave the task's state in case the task is terminated. In the suspendedstate, the application task may not receive input because theapplication window is not visible to the user.

The frame buffer 548 is a logical structure(s) used to render the userinterface. The frame buffer 548 can be created and destroyed by the OSkernel 518. However, the Display Controller 544 can write the imagedata, for the visible windows, into the frame buffer 548. A frame buffer548 can be associated with one screen or multiple screens. Theassociation of a frame buffer 548 with a screen can be controlleddynamically by interaction with the OS kernel 518. A composite displaymay be created by associating multiple screens with a single framebuffer 548. Graphical data used to render an application's window userinterface may then be written to the single frame buffer 548, for thecomposite display, which is output to the multiple screens 104,108. TheDisplay Controller 544 can direct an application's user interface to aportion of the frame buffer 548 that is mapped to a particular display110,114, thus, displaying the user interface on only one screen 104 or108. The Display Controller 544 can extend the control over userinterfaces to multiple applications, controlling the user interfaces foras many displays as are associated with a frame buffer 548 or a portionthereof. This approach compensates for the multiple physical screens104,108 that are in use by the software component above the DisplayController 544.

The Application Manager 562 is an application that provides apresentation layer for the window environment. Thus, the ApplicationManager 562 provides the graphical model for rendering by the TaskManagement Module 540. Likewise, the Desktop 566 provides thepresentation layer for the Application Store 560. Thus, the desktopprovides a graphical model of a surface having selectable applicationicons for the Applications 564 in the Application Store 560 that can beprovided to the Window Management Module 556 for rendering.

Further, the framework can include an Application Model Manager (AMM)542. The Application Manager 562 may interface with the AMM 542. Inembodiments, the AMM 542 receives state change information from thedevice 100 regarding the state of applications (which are running orsuspended). The AMM 542 can associate bit map images from the SurfaceCache Module 528 to the tasks that are alive (running or suspended).Further, the AMM 542 can convert the logical window stack maintained inthe Task Manager Module 540 to a linear (“film strip” or “deck ofcards”) organization that the user perceives when the using the offgesture capture area 120 to sort through the windows. Further, the AMM542 may provide a list of executing applications to the ApplicationManager 562.

An embodiment of the MDM module 524 is shown in FIG. 5B. The MDM module524 is operable to determine the state of the environment for thedevice, including, but not limited to, the orientation of the device,whether the device 100 is opened or closed, what applications 564 areexecuting, how the applications 564 are to be displayed, what actionsthe user is conducting, the tasks being displayed, etc. To configure thedisplay, the MDM module 524 interprets these environmental factors anddetermines a display configuration, as described in conjunction withFIGS. 6A-6J. Then, the MDM module 524 can bind the applications 564 orother device components to the displays. The configuration may then besent to the Display Controller 544 and/or the other components withinthe OS 516 to generate the display. The MDM module 524 can include oneor more of, but is not limited to, a Display Configuration Module 568, aPreferences Module 572, a Device State Module 574, a Gesture Module 576,a Requirements Module 580, an Event Module 584, and/or a Binding Module588.

The Display Configuration Module 568 determines the layout for thedisplay. In embodiments, the Display Configuration Module 568 candetermine the environmental factors. The environmental factors may bereceived from one or more other MDM modules 524 or from other sources.The Display Configuration Module 568 can then determine from the list offactors the best configuration for the display. Some embodiments of thepossible configurations and the factors associated therewith aredescribed in conjunction with FIGS. 6A-6F.

The Preferences Module 572 is operable to determine display preferencesfor an application 564 or other component. For example, an applicationcan have a preference for Single or Dual displays. The PreferencesModule 572 can determine an application's display preference (e.g., byinspecting the application's preference settings) and may allow theapplication 564 to change to a mode (e.g., single screen, dual screen,max, etc.) if the device 100 is in a state that can accommodate thepreferred mode. However, some user interface policies may disallow amode even if the mode is available. As the configuration of the devicechanges, the preferences may be reviewed to determine if a betterdisplay configuration can be achieved for an application 564.

The Device State Module 574 is operable to determine or receive thestate of the device. The state of the device can be as described inconjunction with FIGS. 3A and 3B. The state of the device can be used bythe Display Configuration Module 568 to determine the configuration forthe display. As such, the Device State Module 574 may receive inputs andinterpret the state of the device. The state information is thenprovided to the Display Configuration Module 568.

The Gesture Module 576 is shown as part of the MDM module 524, but, inembodiments, the Gesture module 576 may be a separate Framework 520component that is separate from the MDM module 524. In embodiments, theGesture Module 576 is operable to determine if the user is conductingany actions on any part of the user interface. In alternativeembodiments, the Gesture Module 576 receives user interface actions fromthe configurable area 112,116 only. The Gesture Module 576 can receivetouch events that occur on the configurable area 112,116 (or possiblyother user interface areas) by way of the Input Management Module 536and may interpret the touch events (using direction, speed, distance,duration, and various other parameters) to determine what kind ofgesture the user is performing. When a gesture is interpreted, theGesture Module 576 can initiate the processing of the gesture and, bycollaborating with other Framework 520 components, can manage therequired window animation. The Gesture Module 576 collaborates with theApplication Model Manager 542 to collect state information with respectto which applications are running (active or paused) and the order inwhich applications must appear when a user gesture is performed. TheGesture Module 576 may also receive references to bitmaps (from theSurface Cache Module 528) and live windows so that when a gesture occursit can instruct the Display Controller 544 how to move the window(s)across the display 110,114. Thus, suspended applications may appear tobe running when those windows are moved across the display 110,114.

Further, the Gesture Module 576 can receive task information either fromthe Task Manage Module 540 or the Input Management module 536. Thegestures may be as defined in conjunction with FIGS. 4A through 4H. Forexample, moving a window causes the display to render a series ofdisplay frames that illustrate the window moving. The gesture associatedwith such user interface interaction can be received and interpreted bythe Gesture Module 576. The information about the user gesture is thensent to the Task Management Module 540 to modify the display binding ofthe task.

The Requirements Module 580, similar to the Preferences Module 572, isoperable to determine display requirements for an application 564 orother component. An application can have a set display requirement thatmust be observed. Some applications require a particular displayorientation. For example, the application “Angry Birds” can only bedisplayed in landscape orientation. This type of display requirement canbe determined or received, by the Requirements Module 580. As theorientation of the device changes, the Requirements Module 580 canreassert the display requirements for the application 564. The DisplayConfiguration Module 568 can generate a display configuration that is inaccordance with the application display requirements, as provided by theRequirements Module 580.

The Event Module 584, similar to the Gesture Module 576, is operable todetermine one or more events occurring with an application or othercomponent that can affect the user interface. Thus, the Event Module 584can receive event information either from the event buffer 556 or theTask Management module 540. These events can change how the tasks arebound to the displays. The Event Module 584 can collect state changeinformation from other Framework 520 components and act upon that statechange information. In an example, when the phone is opened or closed orwhen an orientation change has occurred, a new message may be renderedin a second screen. The state change based on the event can be receivedand interpreted by the Event Module 584. The information about theevents then may be sent to the Display Configuration Module 568 tomodify the configuration of the display.

The Binding Module 588 is operable to bind the applications 564 or theother components to the configuration determined by the DisplayConfiguration Module 568. A binding associates, in memory, the displayconfiguration for each application with the display and mode of theapplication. Thus, the Binding Module 588 can associate an applicationwith a display configuration for the application (e.g. landscape,portrait, multi-screen, etc.). Then, the Binding Module 588 may assign adisplay identifier to the display. The display identifier associated theapplication with a particular display of the device 100. This binding isthen stored and provided to the Display Controller 544, the othercomponents of the OS 516, or other components to properly render thedisplay. The binding is dynamic and can change or be updated based onconfiguration changes associated with events, gestures, state changes,application preferences or requirements, etc.

User Interface Configurations:

With reference now to FIGS. 6A-J, various types of output configurationsmade possible by the device 100 will be described hereinafter.

FIGS. 6A and 6B depict two different output configurations of the device100 being in a first state. Specifically, FIG. 6A depicts the device 100being in a closed portrait state 304 where the data is displayed on thefirst screen 104. In this example, the device 100 displays data via thetouch sensitive display 110 in a first portrait configuration 604. Ascan be appreciated, the first portrait configuration 604 may onlydisplay a desktop or operating system home screen. Alternatively, one ormore windows may be presented in a portrait orientation while the device100 is displaying data in the first portrait configuration 604.

FIG. 6B depicts the device 100 still being in the closed portrait state304, but instead data is displayed on the second screen 108. In thisexample, the device 100 displays data via the touch sensitive display114 in a second portrait configuration 608.

It may be possible to display similar or different data in either thefirst or second portrait configuration 604, 608. It may also be possibleto transition between the first portrait configuration 604 and secondportrait configuration 608 by providing the device 100 a user gesture(e.g., a double tap gesture), a menu selection, or other means. Othersuitable gestures may also be employed to transition betweenconfigurations. Furthermore, it may also be possible to transition thedevice 100 from the first or second portrait configuration 604, 608 toany other configuration described herein depending upon which state thedevice 100 is moved.

An alternative output configuration may be accommodated by the device100 being in a second state. Specifically, FIG. 6C depicts a thirdportrait configuration where data is displayed simultaneously on boththe first screen 104 and the second screen 108. The third portraitconfiguration may be referred to as a Dual-Portrait (PD) outputconfiguration. In the PD output configuration, the touch sensitivedisplay 110 of the first screen 104 depicts data in the first portraitconfiguration 604 while the touch sensitive display 114 of the secondscreen 108 depicts data in the second portrait configuration 608. Thesimultaneous presentation of the first portrait configuration 604 andthe second portrait configuration 608 may occur when the device 100 isin an open portrait state 320. In this configuration, the device 100 maydisplay one application window in one display 110 or 114, twoapplication windows (one in each display 110 and 114), one applicationwindow and one desktop, or one desktop. Other configurations may bepossible. It should be appreciated that it may also be possible totransition the device 100 from the simultaneous display ofconfigurations 604, 608 to any other configuration described hereindepending upon which state the device 100 is moved. Furthermore, whilein this state, an application's display preference may place the deviceinto bilateral mode, in which both displays are active to displaydifferent windows in the same application. For example, a Cameraapplication may display a viewfinder and controls on one side, while theother side displays a mirrored preview that can be seen by the photosubjects. Games involving simultaneous play by two players may also takeadvantage of bilateral mode.

FIGS. 6D and 6E depicts two further output configurations of the device100 being in a third state. Specifically, FIG. 6D depicts the device 100being in a closed landscape state 340 where the data is displayed on thefirst screen 104. In this example, the device 100 displays data via thetouch sensitive display 110 in a first landscape configuration 612. Muchlike the other configurations described herein, the first landscapeconfiguration 612 may display a desktop, a home screen, one or morewindows displaying application data, or the like.

FIG. 6E depicts the device 100 still being in the closed landscape state340, but instead data is displayed on the second screen 108. In thisexample, the device 100 displays data via the touch sensitive display114 in a second landscape configuration 616. It may be possible todisplay similar or different data in either the first or second portraitconfiguration 612, 616. It may also be possible to transition betweenthe first landscape configuration 612 and second landscape configuration616 by providing the device 100 with one or both of a twist and tapgesture or a flip and slide gesture. Other suitable gestures may also beemployed to transition between configurations. Furthermore, it may alsobe possible to transition the device 100 from the first or secondlandscape configuration 612, 616 to any other configuration describedherein depending upon which state the device 100 is moved.

FIG. 6F depicts a third landscape configuration where data is displayedsimultaneously on both the first screen 104 and the second screen 108.The third landscape configuration may be referred to as a Dual-Landscape(LD) output configuration. In the LD output configuration, the touchsensitive display 110 of the first screen 104 depicts data in the firstlandscape configuration 612 while the touch sensitive display 114 of thesecond screen 108 depicts data in the second landscape configuration616. The simultaneous presentation of the first landscape configuration612 and the second landscape configuration 616 may occur when the device100 is in an open landscape state 340. It should be appreciated that itmay also be possible to transition the device 100 from the simultaneousdisplay of configurations 612, 616 to any other configuration describedherein depending upon which state the device 100 is moved.

FIGS. 6G and 6H depict two views of a device 100 being in yet anotherstate. Specifically, the device 100 is depicted as being in an easelstate 312. FIG. 6G shows that a first easel output configuration 618 maybe displayed on the touch sensitive display 110. FIG. 6H shows that asecond easel output configuration 620 may be displayed on the touchsensitive display 114. The device 100 may be configured to depict eitherthe first easel output configuration 618 or the second easel outputconfiguration 620 individually. Alternatively, both the easel outputconfigurations 618, 620 may be presented simultaneously. In someembodiments, the easel output configurations 618, 620 may be similar oridentical to the landscape output configurations 612, 616. The device100 may also be configured to display one or both of the easel outputconfigurations 618, 620 while in a modified easel state 316. It shouldbe appreciated that simultaneous utilization of the easel outputconfigurations 618, 620 may facilitate two-person games (e.g.,Battleship®, chess, checkers, etc.), multi-user conferences where two ormore users share the same device 100, and other applications. As can beappreciated, it may also be possible to transition the device 100 fromthe display of one or both configurations 618, 620 to any otherconfiguration described herein depending upon which state the device 100is moved.

FIG. 6I depicts yet another output configuration that may beaccommodated while the device 100 is in an open portrait state 320.Specifically, the device 100 may be configured to present a singlecontinuous image across both touch sensitive displays 110, 114 in aportrait configuration referred to herein as a Portrait-Max (PMax)configuration 624. In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image,application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayedpartially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portionof the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. The Pmaxconfiguration 624 may facilitate a larger display and/or betterresolution for displaying a particular image on the device 100. Similarto other output configurations, it may be possible to transition thedevice 100 from the Pmax configuration 624 to any other outputconfiguration described herein depending upon which state the device 100is moved.

FIG. 6J depicts still another output configuration that may beaccommodated while the device 100 is in an open landscape state 348.Specifically, the device 100 may be configured to present a singlecontinuous image across both touch sensitive displays 110, 114 in alandscape configuration referred to herein as a Landscape-Max (LMax)configuration 628. In this configuration, data (e.g., a single image,application, window, icon, video, etc.) may be split and displayedpartially on one of the touch sensitive displays while the other portionof the data is displayed on the other touch sensitive display. The Lmaxconfiguration 628 may facilitate a larger display and/or betterresolution for displaying a particular image on the device 100. Similarto other output configurations, it may be possible to transition thedevice 100 from the Lmax configuration 628 to any other outputconfiguration described herein depending upon which state the device 100is moved.

Referring to FIG. 7, an embodiment of a first and second housing 704 and708 of a multi-screen device 100 is illustrated. In embodiments, thefirst housing 704 forms part of the first screen 104, and the secondhousing 708 forms part of the second screen 108. The housings 704 and708 generally are configured to protect the internal components of thedevice 100 while minimizing the overall thickness of each of the screens104 and 108.

In embodiments, the first screen 704 is rotatably connected to thesecond screen 708. For example, a hinge 128 may be connected to thefirst screen 704 so that the screen 704 is rotatable about a first axis.The hinge 128 also may be connected to the second screen 708 so that thescreen 708 is rotatable about a second axis. The hinge 128 may be atleast partially disposed within an opening formed in a side surface, aside, or a sidewall, of the first and second screens 704 and 708.

Referring to FIGS. 8A-I, an embodiment of a hinge 128 is provided. Inembodiments, the hinge 128 has two distinct pivot axes. For example, thehinge 128 may include a hub 804, a first leaf 808 rotatably connected tothe hub 804 about a first pivot axis 812, and a second leaf 816rotatably connected to the hub 804 about a second pivot axis 820. Inembodiments, the hinge 128 has a range of motion of at least about 180degrees so that the device is foldable between an open position in whichthe first and second screens 104 and 108 are juxtaposed in substantiallythe same plane, as shown in FIGS. 1C-1F, and a closed position in whichthe first and second screens 108 and 108 are oriented substantiallyback-to-back in adjacent planes, as shown in FIGS. 1H and 1K-1M. In oneembodiment, the first and second leaves 808 and 816 each may have arange of motion of at least 90 degrees between an open position and aclosed position.

In embodiments, the hinge 128 is configured to minimally impact thesize, or outer envelope, of the device 100. For example, referring toFIGS. 1C-1F, when the device 100 is in an open position, the hinge 128may be substantially disposed within an outer envelope of the device100. Stated differently, the hinge 128 may be configured to not protrudefrom the front, rear, or exposed sides of the device 100. Inembodiments, when the device 100 is in the open position, the hinge 128may be substantially flush with the rear surfaces of the first andsecond screens 104 and 108. Referring now to FIGS. 1H and 1K-1M, whenthe device 100 is in the closed position, the hinge 128 may besubstantially disposed within an outer envelope of the device 100.Stated differently, the hinge 128 may be configured to not protrude fromthe front or exposed sides of the device 100. In embodiments, when thedevice 100 is in the closed position, the hinge 128 may be substantiallyflush with the side surfaces 188 d of the first and second screens 104and 108.

Referring back to FIGS. 8A-I, the hub 804 may be configured to allow theelectrical coupling of the first and second screens 104 and 108. Forexample, in embodiments the hub 804 is elongate and extends between afirst end 824 and a second end 828. The hub 804 may include at least oneinternal passage 832 positioned between the first and second ends 824and 828. The at least one internal passage 832 may extend transverse tothe first and/or second pivot axes 812 and 820. In one embodiment, thehub 804 includes two internal passages 832 a, b. The at least oneinternal passage 832 may be configured to accommodate at least oneelectrical wire through the hub 804. In one embodiment, an electricalribbon or flexible circuit may pass through the at least one internalpassage 832 to electrically couple the first and second screens 104 and108. In alternative embodiments, a plurality of shorter hubs 804 may beutilized. For example, in one embodiment, two hubs 804, each containinga single internal passage 832, may be utilized. Referring to FIG. 9, oneembodiment of a flexible circuit 904 is shown passing through aninternal passage 832 of the hinge 128 to electrically couple the firstand second screens 104 and 108.

Referring back to FIGS. 8A-I, the leaves 808 and 816 may be rotatablyconnected to the ends 824 and 828 of the hub 804. For example, in oneembodiment, each end 824 and 828 of the hub 804 includes holes 836having centerlines generally corresponding to the first and second pivotaxes 812 and 820. A pin may be associated with the holes 836 to connectthe leaves 808 and 816 to the hub 804. In alternative embodiments, thehub 804 may include integrally formed protrusions or rods extending fromthe ends 824 and 828 and configured for connection to holes formed inthe leaves 808 and 816.

The leaves 808 and 816 may each be formed as a single component thatconnects to both ends 824 and 828 of the hub 804, as depicted in FIGS.8A-I. In this embodiment, a middle portion of each of the leaves 808 and816 may include a void configured not to interfere with electricalcomponents, such as wires, passing through the hub 804, especiallyduring rotation of the device 100 between an open and closed position.The leaves 808 and 816 also may each include an open flange 840 and aclosed flange 844. In one embodiment, the open flanges 840 aresubstantially parallel to the closed flanges 844 but extend in oppositedirections relative to a base 848 of each leaf 808 and 816. Inoperation, the first and second leaves 808 and 816 may be rotatableabout opposing sides of the hub 804. For example, in one embodiment thehub 804 has a substantially flat front and rear surfaces 852 and 856connected to each other by opposing side surfaces 860, which may besubstantially semi-circular. In this embodiment, the leaves 808 and 816may each have a substantially semi-circular inner surface positionedadjacent to one of the opposing side surfaces 860 of the hub 804. Duringrotation of the leaves 808 and 816 between an open and closed position,the leaves 808 and 816 may rotate about the pivot axes 812 and 820around the side surfaces 860 of the hub 804.

When the device 100 is in an open position, the open flanges 840 of theleaves 808 and 816 may be substantially parallel to one another andsubstantially abut each other to prevent further rotation of the screens104 and 108. In one embodiment, the hinge 128 is configured so that thescreens 104 and 108 are rotatable beyond a planar configuration. In thisembodiment, the hinge 128 is configured to permit the screens 104 and108 to rotate slightly beyond planar so that an inner edge of eachscreen 104 and 108 disposed on a front surface of the respective screencan be positioned adjacent to the opposing screen edge in asubstantially abutting relationship to close any gap existing betweenthe screens 104 and 108 when positioned in a planar configuration.

This configuration is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. As shown in FIG. 17,planes of the front surfaces 102 of the first and second screens 104 and108 are substantially transverse, or non-parallel, to one another andeach forms an angle δ with a substantially horizontal plane 1600typically of no more than about 10°, more typically of no more thanabout 5°, more typically of no more than about 1.0°, and even moretypically of no more than about 0.5°. The over-rotation or over-travelof the hinge 128 enables, with reference to FIG. 17, an inter-housingdistance “D” between adjacent front facing interior edges of the firstand second housings 704 and 708 (and/or between the first and secondtouch screen displays 110 and 114 and/or between the first and secondscreens 104 and 108) proximal to the hinge 128 typically of no more thanabout 10 mm, even more typically of no more than about 5 mm, even moretypically of no more than about 1 mm, more typically of no more thanabout 0.5 mm, and even more typically of no more than about 0.25 mm. Inthis way, there is substantially no visible inter-screen gap or seam “D”spanning the device length “L” between the first and second screens 104and 108 (FIG. 1E) when the device 100 is in the fully open position. Alongitudinal gap “G”, however, extends the length of the device betweenthe rear surfaces 184, with the width of the gap “G” being larger than awidth of the distance “D”.

In one configuration, an active information display area in each of thefirst and second screens 104 and 108 is substantially continuous, oruninterrupted, over the inter-screen border or boundary. With referenceto FIG. 18, the thatched area indicates the portions of the first andsecond screens 104 and 108 that provide displayed images, such as videoand/or other graphical information, to the user. The black inter-displayseam 1800 between the first and second screens 104 and 108 issubstantially invisible to the viewer, in large part due to the smalldistance “D”.

When the device 100 is in a closed position, the closed flanges 844 ofthe leaves 808 and 816 may be substantially coplanar in an abuttingrelationship with a front surface 852 of the hub 804. In thisconfiguration, a rear surface 856 of the hub 804 may be exposed. In analternative embodiment, the first and second leaves 808 and 816 may beseparated into multiple components, each of which is associated withonly one end 824 or 828 of the hub 804.

The hinge 128 can be compact and incorporated into the body of thedevice 100, thereby substantially minimizing the inter-screen gap orseam between the juxtaposed screens. The hinge, as noted, can allowover-travel, or rotation beyond 180 degrees. The hinge over-travel canallow the first and second screens 104 and 108 to touch or contactphysically when the device 100 is fully opened, thereby essentiallyeliminating any gap or seam between the first and second screens 104 and108.

As will be appreciated, other appropriately configured hingeconfigurations having one or multiple pivot axes may be employed thatcan also provide similar gap or seam minimization. Internal or externalhinges can equally provide inter-display seam minimization. Bulkierhinges (resulting in a larger gap between the first and second screens104 and 108) with more hinge over-travel (to compensate for the largerinter-screen gap) can be used, for example. Examples of suitable hingesinclude barrel hinge, pivot hinge, butt/mortise hinge, case hinge,continuous or piano hinge, concealed hinge, butterfly hinge, flag hinge,strap hinge, H hinge, HL hinge, counterflap hinge, flush hinge, coachhinge, rising butt hinge, double action spring hinge, Tee hinge,fraction hinge, security hinge, cranked hinge, lift-off hinge,self-closing hinge, butt hinge, butler tray hinge, card table hinge, anddrop leaf table hinge.

Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 12, each housing 704 and 708 may includean opening 752 formed in a side surface or sidewall 736. When the device100 is in the open position, the opening 752 formed in each housing 704and 708 may substantially oppose each other, as shown in FIG. 7. Eachopening 752 may be configured to accommodate at least a portion of thehinge 128. For example, in one embodiment the hinge 128 is at leastpartially positioned within the opening 752 of the first and secondhousings 704 and 708. In one specific example, the first leaf 808 may besubstantially positioned within the first housing 704 and the secondleaf 816 may be substantially positioned within the second housing 708.In this embodiment, the hub 804 may be the only component of the hinge128 that extends between the screens 104 and 108. By connecting thefirst leaf 808 to the first housing 704 and the second leaf 816 to thesecond housing 708, the first screen 104 may be rotatable about thefirst axis 812 and the second screen 108 may be rotatable about thesecond axis 820.

Referring to FIGS. 7 and 9, in embodiments each housing 704 and 708includes an outer shell 712 and 716 and a polymeric portion 720 and 724,respectively. The outer shells 712 and 716 may provide a durable casefor the device 100. The polymeric portions 720 and 724 may providerigidity to selective locations of the outer shell 712 and 716,respectively. In one embodiment, each outer shell 712 and 716 ismetallic.

In embodiments, the outer shell 712 and 716 includes a base 728 and 732and a sidewall 736 and 740, respectively. The base 728 and 732 may beformed in different shapes and/or curvatures. In one embodiment, thebase 728 and 732 of each housing is substantially flat and provides arear surface datum for the internal components of the device 100. Thesidewall 736 and 740 may connect to a periphery of the base 728 and 732,respectively. In one embodiment, the base and sidewall of each housing704 and 708 are integrally formed from a single component, such as sheetmetal.

In embodiments, the outer shell 712 and 716 of each housing 704 and 708includes an inner surface and an outer surface. The inner surfacegenerally faces the interior of the device 100, and the outer surfacegenerally faces the exterior of the device 100. In embodiments, thepolymeric portion 720 and 724 is overmolded on the inner surface of theouter shell 712 and 716, respectively, in selective locations to providerigidity to predetermined areas of the outer shell. In the depictedexample, the polymeric portion 720 and 724 of each housing 704 and 708is overmolded on opposite end portions of the base 728 and 732,respectively. Also depicted, the polymeric portion 720 and 724 may beovermolded on the inner surface of the sidewall 736 and 740,respectively.

In embodiments, the polymeric portion 720 and 724 is nanomolded on theouter shell 712 and 716 of the housings 704 and 708, respectively. Inone embodiment, selective locations of the outer shell 712 and 716 ofeach housing 704 and 708 is etched with a chemical, and then thepolymeric portion 720 and 724 is overmolded on the etched metallic outershell to provide a strong, resilient bond between the polymeric portionsand outer shells. In this fashion, the polymeric portions 720 and 724can be selectively connected to the outer shell 712 and 716 of thehousings 704 and 708, respectively, to provide rigidity to the housings704 and 708 and enable the housings 704 and 708 to utilize a thin back728 and 732, thereby reducing the overall thickness of the first andsecond screens 104 and 108.

The thickness of the outer shell 712 and 716 of each housing 704 and 708may be selectively dimensioned to reduce the weight and thickness of thedevice 100. In embodiments, the thickness of the outer shell 712 and 716of each housing 704 and 708 is less than about 10 millimeters,preferably less than about 5 millimeters, and more preferably less thanabout 3 millimeters. In one embodiment, the thickness of the metallicouter shell 712 and 716 of each housing 704 and 708 is about 3millimeters. In this embodiment, the outer shell 712 and 716 may beundesirably deformable in certain locations. As discussed above, apolymeric portion 720 and 724 may be molded to the outer shell 712 and716 to provide rigidity to selective locations of the outer shell. Inaddition, as discussed below, other components may be connected to theouter shell 712 and 716 in selective locations to provide rigidity tothe outer shell 712 and 716.

The outer shells 712 and 716 and the polymeric portions 720 and 724 maycomprise materials commonly utilized in the art. In embodiments, theouter shells 712 and 716 is metallic and may comprise any metal or alloyknown in the art. In one embodiment, the outer shell 712 and 716 of eachhousing 704 and 708 comprises a 304 stainless steel, ¾ hardened. Inembodiments, the polymeric portions 720 and 724 comprise any polymericmaterial known in the art, including thermoplastic and/or thermosettingpolymers. In one embodiment, the polymeric portion 720 and 724 of eachhousing 704 and 708 comprises a polyphenol plastic.

With reference to FIG. 10, an embodiment of a first housing 704 isprovided. The first housing 704 includes a metallic outer shell 712 anda polymeric portion 720 molded to an inner surface of the outer shell712. The outer shell 712 includes a substantially flat base 728 and asidewall 736 integrally connected to a periphery of the base 728. Thebase 728 has a top portion 728 a (covered by the polymeric portion), abottom portion 728 b (covered by the polymeric portion), and a middleportion 728 c interposed between the top and bottom portions 728 a and728 b. The middle portion 728 c is exposed, i.e., not covered by thepolymeric portion 720, in the depicted example and generally isdimensioned to accommodate a battery for powering the device 100.Accordingly, in this embodiment, the thickness of the outer shell 712 inthe area corresponding to the battery can be minimized, thereby reducingthe overall thickness of the device 100. Additionally, in thisembodiment, the battery and other stacked components may providerigidity to at least a portion of the exposed middle portion 728 c ofthe base 728.

In embodiments, the first housing 704 can include components selectivelypositioned and connected to the base 728 to provide additional rigidityto predetermined locations and/or features of the device 100. Forexample, in the depicted embodiment, a screw boss 1004, an L-shapedbracket 1008, a hinge block 1012, and a hinge reinforcement strip 1016are connected to the base 728. The listed components can be connected tothe housing 704 using any connection device and/or method known in theart, including laser welding.

In embodiments, the first housing 704 may include at least one screwboss 1004. The screw boss 1004 may be configured to connect a backingplate 1100, shown in FIGS. 11a-c , to the housing 704. In addition, thescrew boss 1004 may be configured to selectively position the backingplate 1100 within the housing 704 relative to the base 728 and/or thesidewall 736. For example, the screw boss 1004 may be configured toposition the backing plate 1100 a predetermined distance above the base728 and/or in a predetermined orientation relative to the base 728. Inone embodiment, the screw boss 1004 is configured to orient the backingplate 1100 in a substantially perpendicular orientation relative to thebase 728. The screw boss 1004 also may be positioned a predetermineddistance from the sidewall 736 to selectively locate the backing plate1100 relative to the sidewall 736 for providing rigidity to at least onebutton and/or defining a datum for positioning at least one component,such as a battery, within the housing 704. In the depicted example, thefirst housing 704 includes two screw bosses 1004 a, b connected to thebase 728 proximate to the sidewall 736. The example screw bosses 1004 a,b are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance so as tonot interfere with the operation of the buttons 152 and 154, shown inFIG. 1L, associated with the ports 744 and 748. In addition, the examplescrew bosses 1004, b each include a threaded aperture. In embodiments, abacking plate 1100 may be connected to the at least one screw boss 1004with a threaded fastener configured to threadably engage the threadedaperture of the at least one screw boss 1004.

Referring to FIGS. 11A-C, one embodiment of a backing plate 1100 isprovided. The example backing plate 1100 is configured to connect to thehousing 704 to provide rigidity to a button and/or to define a datum forpositioning a component, such as a battery, within the housing 704. Thedepicted backing plate 1100 includes two apertures 1104 a, b spacedapart a predetermined distance to correspond to the threaded aperturesof the screw bosses 804 a, b. The example backing plate 1100 alsoincludes a front edge 1108, a rear edge 1112, a top edge 1116, and abottom edge 1120. When connected to the housing 704, the front edge 1108of the backing plate 1100 may be positioned a predetermined height abovethe base 728, and the rear edge 1112 may be positioned adjacent to thebase 728. In one embodiment, the front edge 1108 of the backing plate1100 may be positioned below a shelf formed on a sidewall 736 of thehousing 704. In addition, when connected to the housing 704, the topedge 1116 may be positioned proximate to a top side of the device 100.The backing plate 1100 may be positioned adjacent to a portion of thesidewall 738 having ports 744 and 748.

The backing plate 1100 may be configured to accommodate other componentswithin the housing 704. For example, the example backing plate 1100includes two recessed areas 1124 a, b formed in the rear edge 1112 ofthe backing plate 1100 and disposed substantially below the apertures1104 a, b, respectively. The depicted recessed areas 1124 a, b areconfigured to accommodate a base portion of the screw bosses 1004 a, b,which may be connected to the base 728 of the first housing 704. Inaddition, the front edge 1108 of the backing plate 1100 may includeseveral recessed areas as well. For example, proximate to the top edge1116 of the backing plate 1100, the front edge 1108 of the examplebacking plate 1100 includes two recessed areas 1128 a, b spaced apartfrom each other by a predetermined distance to define a raised portion1132 interposed between the recessed areas 1128 a, b. When the backingplate 1100 is connected to the first housing 704, the raised portion1132 may be configured to provide rigidity to the rocker button 154,shown in FIG. 1L. In addition, the recessed areas 1128 a, b may beconfigured to accommodate depression of opposing sides of the rockerbutton 154, which may correspond to a volume rocker button with a volumeup and a volume down side. The example backing plate 1100 also includesa raised portion 1136 extending substantially between the recessed area1128 b and the aperture 1104 b. The raised portion 1136 may beconfigured to provide rigidity to the button 152, which is shown in FIG.1E.

The backing plate 900 also may be configured to provide support for aflexible circuit. In embodiments, a flexible printed circuit is placedon the middle portion 728 c of the first housing 704 beneath a battery.To ground the flexible printed circuit to a printed circuit board, atleast a portion of the flexible printed circuit may be routable frombeneath the battery to a position on a front side of the battery. Forexample, the example backing plate 1100 may include an elongate recessedarea 1140 extending between the raised portion 1136 and the bottom edge1120 of the backing plate 1100. The elongate recessed area 1140 may beconfigured to allow a flexible circuit to be bent over the front and/orrear edge 1108 and 1112 of the recessed area 1140. For example, inembodiments, the rear edge 1112 corresponding to the recessed area 1140may be selectively positioned relative to the base 728 to define apredefined gap between the rear edge 1112 of the backing plate 1100 andthe base 728. The predefined gap may be dimensioned to accommodate athickness of a flexible circuit, and in at least one embodiment the rearedge 1112 of the backing plate 1100 may substantially clamp the flexiblecircuit to the base 728. In addition, the front edge 1108 associatedwith the recessed area 1140 may provide a path for positioning theflexible circuit. The distance between the sidewall 736 and the bottomportion of the backing plate 1100 associated with the recessed area 1140may be dimensioned to accommodate a predetermined bending radius of theflexible circuit. In this configuration, the rear edge 1112 of thebacking plate 1100 may secure the flexible printed circuit in apredetermined position beneath the battery while the front and rearedges 1108 and 1112 may provide a reference for the flexible printedcircuit to be bent around to ensure a proper bend radius.

Referring back to FIG. 10, the first housing 704 may include twoL-shaped brackets 1008 a, b connected to the base 728 proximate to thesidewall 736. More specifically, the L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b may beconnected to the base 728 proximate to a side of the sidewall 736 thatincludes ports 744 and 748 which may be configured to accommodate abutton 152 and a rocker button 154. The L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b maybe configured to provide rigidity to the top and bottom portions of thebacking plate 1100 associated with the top and bottom ends 1116 and1120. The L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b may be connected to the backingplate 1100. In one embodiment, the L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b aredimensioned to extend above the base 728 a predetermined distance sothat a front edge of the L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b is substantiallyflush with the front edge 1108 of the backing plate 1100.

When connected to the base 728 of the first housing 704, the backingplate 1100 and/or L-shaped brackets 1004 a, b may define a datumconfigured to position a battery on the middle portion 728 c of the baseand/or provide rigidity to buttons 152 and 154 associated with thesidewall 736. For example, in embodiments the backing plate 1100 isconfigured to maintain consistent button behavior for the buttonsassociated with the sidewall 736, and, if a rocker button is included,the backing plate 1100 can provide fields for the rocker button, such asup, down, and/or mute. In addition, the configuration of the backingplate 1100, the L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b, and/or the screw bosses1004 a, b may minimize space usage within the first housing 704, whichmay result in a first housing 704 with a reduced outer envelope.

Still referring to FIG. 10, the example first housing 704 includes twohinge blocks 1012 a, b connected to the base 728 and the sidewall 736.In the depicted example, the hinge blocks 1012 a, b are positionedadjacent to opposing ends of an elongate opening 752 formed in one sideof the sidewall 736. The elongate opening 752 is configured toaccommodate at least a portion of a hinge 128. The hinge blocks 1012 a,b may each include threaded holes configured to engage a fastener andsecure the hinge 128 to the first housing 704. Between the hinge blocks1012 a, b and near a middle portion of the elongate opening 752, areinforcement strip 1016 can be connected to the base 728 to reinforcethe base 728 near the opening 752 and to contact a body of the hinge 128adjacent the internal passages 832 a,b. The steps 870 in the hinge 128body engage the opposing ends 1040 of the reinforcement strip 1016.

The backing plate 1100, the screw bosses 1004 a, b, the L-shapedbrackets 1008 a, b, hinge blocks 1012 a, b, and the hinge reinforcementstrip 1016 may comprise materials commonly utilized in the art,including metallic and/or non-metallic materials. In embodiments, thebacking plate 1100 comprises 304 stainless steel, ¾ hardened, with athickness of approximately 0.4 millimeters. In embodiments, the screwbosses 1004 a, b comprise 304 stainless steel, ¾ hardened. Inembodiments, the L-shaped brackets 1008 a, b comprise 304 stainlesssteel, ¾ hardened, with a thickness of approximately 0.3 millimeters. Inembodiments, the hinge blocks 1012 a, b comprise 316 stainless steel. Inembodiments, the hinge reinforcement strip 1016 comprises 304 stainlesssteel, ¾ hardened.

With reference to FIG. 12, an embodiment of a second housing 708 isprovided. Similar to the first housing 704, the second housing 708includes an outer shell 716 and a polymeric portion 724 molded to aninner surface of the outer shell 716. The outer shell 716 includes asubstantially flat base 732 and a sidewall 740 connected to a peripheryof the base 732. The base 732 has a top portion 732 a (covered by thepolymeric portion), a bottom portion 732 b (covered by the polymericportion), and a middle portion 732 c interposed between the top andbottom portions 732 a and 732 b. The middle portion 732 c is exposed,i.e., not covered by the polymeric portion 724, in the depicted exampleand may be dimensioned to accommodate a printed circuit board. Inembodiments, the polymeric portions 720 and 724 and/or other componentsmay be configured to ensure the backs 728 and 732 of the shells 712 and716 retain a predefined flatness and resist deformation, such astorsional and/or bending.

The polymeric portions 720 and 724 may be configured to includeadditional features. For example, bosses may be formed in the polymericportions 720 and 724. The bosses may be configured to engage othercomponents, and in one embodiment the bosses include threaded insertsconfigured to threadably engage other components associated with thedevice 100. The example polymeric portions 720 and 724 each include fourbosses, two of which correspond to the top portions 728 a and 732 a ofthe bases 728 and 732, and two of which correspond to the bottomportions 728 b and 732 b of the bases 728 and 732. In addition to thebosses, the polymeric portions 720 and 724 may include a shelf 756 and760 extending inward from the sidewall 736 and 740 of the outer shell712 and 716, respectively. The shelves 756 and 760 may be configured toconnect to a display of the first and second screens 104 and 108.

In embodiments, the second housing 708 can include componentsselectively positioned and connected to the base 732 to provideadditional rigidity to predetermined locations and/or features of thedevice 100. For example, in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 12, acorrugated stiffener 1204, a boss 1208, a load distribution plate 1212,a hinge block 1012, and a hinge reinforcement strip 1016 are connectedto the base 732. The listed components can be connected to the housing708 using any connection device and/or method known in the art,including laser welding.

The corrugated stiffener 1204 depicted in FIG. 12 is positionedproximate to the sidewall 740 and configured to provide rigidity to thesecond housing 708 proximate to a card slot 132 formed in the sidewall740. The corrugated stiffener 1204 includes a series of ridges 1216 andtroughs 1220. The ridges 1216 and troughs 1220 may be substantiallyparallel to one another. In addition, the ridges 1216 and troughs 1220may be substantially parallel to a side of the sidewall 740 thatincludes a card slot 132. The corrugated stiffener 1204 may comprisematerials commonly utilized in the art, including metallic and/ornon-metallic materials. In one embodiment, the corrugated stiffener 1204comprises 304 stainless steel, ¾ hardness.

With reference to FIGS. 13A-C, an embodiment of the corrugated stiffener1204 is provided. The example stiffener 1204 includes a series ofparallel ridges 1216 and troughs 1220. In particular, the examplestiffener 1204 includes 3 substantially parallel ridges 1216 and 4substantially parallel troughs 1220. In embodiments, the series ofridges 1216 may have an uppermost portion that extends above anuppermost portion of the troughs 1220 by between about 5% and 95% of thethickness of the troughs 1220, preferably between about 25% and 75% ofthe thickness of the troughs 1220, more preferably between about 40% and60% of the thickness of the troughs 1220, and even more preferably about50% of the thickness of the troughs 1220. For example, in oneembodiment, the series of troughs 1220 each have a thickness of about0.3 millimeters, and an uppermost portion of each ridge 1216 extendsabove an uppermost portion of each trough 1220 by a distance of about0.15 millimeters. In embodiments, the pitch, or the distance between theuppermost portions of the series of ridges 1216, is between about 2millimeters and about 5 millimeters, preferably between about 3millimeters and about 4 millimeters, and more preferably about 3.5millimeters. In embodiments, the width of each ridge 1216 is betweenabout 1 millimeter and about 3 millimeters, and preferably about 2millimeters. In embodiments, the width of each trough 1220 is betweenabout 0.5 millimeter and about 2.5 millimeters, and preferably about 1.5millimeters. A trough 1220 may include an aperture, which may beutilized to position the corrugated stiffener 1204 relative to thesidewall 740.

The plurality of ridges 1216 and troughs 1220 may comprise variousshapes. For example, in one embodiment, each ridge 1216 is arcuate andmay be semi-circular. In one embodiment, each trough 1220 issubstantially flat. In one embodiment, the uppermost portion of theseries of ridges 1216 are coplanar and the uppermost portion of thetroughs 1220 are coplanar.

The housing 708 may include at least one boss 1208 configured to connecta retainer bracket to the housing 708. Referring to the example housingdepicted in FIG. 12, two bosses 1208 are selectively positioned andconnected to the base 732 of the second housing 708. In embodiments, thebosses 1208 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distanceso as to not interfere with a port 136 or devices associated with theport 136. In embodiments, the bosses 1208 are positioned apart from eachother by a distance about equal to the width of the port 136. Theexample bosses 1208 are internally threaded and extend above the base732 by a predetermined distance. For example, the bosses 1208 may extendabove the base 732 by a distance approximately equal to a height of aprinted circuit board. A load distribution plate 1212 may be positionedbetween the bosses 1208 and the base 732 to distribute any loadtransferred to the bosses 1208 to a larger area of the base 732 of thehousing 708, thereby reducing localized deformation of the base 732. Inembodiments, the load distribution plate 1212 is substantiallyrectangular. In embodiments, the load distribution plate 1212 can beformed from metallic and/or non-metallic materials. In one embodiment,the load distribution plate 1212 is formed from sheet metal.

Referring to FIG. 14, an embodiment of a second housing 708 withinternal components is provided. Particularly, an input/output (I/O)connector retainer bracket 1404 is positioned adjacent a port 136 thatis formed in a sidewall 740 of the second housing 708. The retainerbracket 1404 is removably connected to the bosses 1208 a, b withfasteners 1408 a, b, respectively. The bosses 1208 a, b may bepositioned within cutouts of the printed circuit board. Thus, in oneembodiment, the I/O connector retainer bracket 1404 is connected to thesecond housing 708 and does not connect to the printed circuit board.

In embodiments, the retainer bracket 1404 comprises a frame 1416 thatdefines an interior space configured to receive a dock connector, whichin turn is configured to connect to a peripheral device. In embodiments,the frame 1416 is configured to secure the dock connector, which may bea female receptacle, between the frame 1416, the base 732, and thesidewall 740. In one embodiment, the frame 1416 is configured to atleast partially enclose, or house, a dock connector. The frame 1416 maybe configured to provide rigidity to the dock connector based at leastin part on the connection of the frame 1416 to the housing 708. Inaddition, the dock connector may be movable relative to the frame. Forexample, in one embodiment, the frame 1416 may be configured to allowthe dock connector to substantially float within an interior space ofthe frame 1416 to accommodate misalignments and/or other peripheraldevice connection issues. In one embodiment, a deformable material, suchas a pressure sensitive adhesive, may be utilized to connect the dockconnector to the frame 1416 while enabling the dock connector to moverelative to the frame. In one embodiment, the dock connector is notconnected to the frame 1416.

With reference to FIGS. 15A-D, an embodiment of an I/O connectorretainer bracket 1404 is provided. The example retainer bracket 1404comprises a frame 1416 having a top plate 1420 and opposing side plates1424, which collectively may define an interior space 1428 of the frame1416. As discussed previously, the frame 1416 may be configured to atleast partially enclose a dock connector. Referring to FIGS. 15A-F, adock connector may be at least partially positioned within the interiorspace 1428 of the frame 1416, and the top plate 1420 and opposing sideplates 1424 may be configured to at least partially wrap around the dockconnector. The dock connector may be connected to the frame 1416, andparticularly to the top plate 1420 and/or the opposing side plates 1424,by various connection methods utilized in computing devices. Forexample, in one embodiment, a pressure sensitive adhesive may beutilized to connect the dock connector to the frame 1416. In someembodiments, the dock connector is not connected to the frame 1416. Inthese embodiments, the frame 1416 wraps around a top and side portion ofthe dock connector to substantially secure the dock connector betweenthe frame 1416, the base 728 of the housing 708, and the sidewall 740 ofthe housing 708. The dock connector may be configured to be electricallycoupled to a printed and/or flexible circuit board. In embodiments, thedock connector is a female receptacle configured to receive a maleconnector attached to a peripheral device.

The frame 1416 may include a connection plate configured to connect theframe 1416 to the housing 708. The example frame 1416 depicted in FIGS.15a-f includes a connection plate 1432 having a plurality of apertures1436 a, b selectively positioned in the frame to geometrically alignwith the bosses 1208 a, b. Thus, when the frame 1416 is positionedwithin the housing 708 adjacent to the port 136, the apertures 1436 a, balign with the bosses 1208 a, b for connecting the frame 1416 to thehousing 708, and particularly to the base 732 of the housing 708. Theconnection plate 1432 may be substantially planar, as depicted in FIGS.15A-D. In addition, the connection plate 1432 may be configured tocontact an upper surface of the printed circuit board.

A substantial portion of the frame 1416 may be cantilevered between anedge of a printed circuit board and the sidewall 740 of the housing 708.In one embodiment, the frame 1416 includes a front edge 1440 configuredto substantially abut an interior portion of the sidewall 740 of thehousing 708, particularly an area of the sidewall 740 surrounding theport 136. As depicted in FIG. 14, the front edge 1440 of the frame 1416is positioned in abutting relationship to the sidewall 740 of thehousing 708. The I/O connector retainer bracket 1404 may comprisematerials commonly utilized in the art, including metallic and/ornon-metallic materials. In embodiments, the retainer bracket 1404comprises a plastic material. In one embodiment, the retainer bracket1404 comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

Referring back to FIG. 12, the example second housing 708 includes twohinge blocks 1012 a, b and a hinge reinforcement strip 1016, all ofwhich may be connected to the base 732. In the depicted example, thehinge blocks 1012 a, b are positioned adjacent to opposing ends of anelongate opening 752 that is formed in one side of the sidewall 740. Theelongate opening 752 may be configured to accommodate at least a portionof a hinge 128. The hinge blocks 1012 a, b may each include threadedholes configured to engage a fastener and secure the hinge 128 to thesecond housing 708. Between the hinge blocks 1012 a, b and near a middleportion of the elongate opening 752, a reinforcement strip 1016 can beconnected to the base 728 to reinforce the base 728 near the opening752.

FIGS. 19 and 20A-H and J-N are various views depicting a flexibleelectrically conductive member 1900 for electrically interconnecting anenergy storage device, particularly a battery, with a printed circuitboard to power the computational, processing, and display functions ofthe device 100. FIG. 19 depicts the member 1900 as configured wheninstalled in the device 100. As will be appreciated, prior toinstallation the member 1900 is substantially planar and is folded intothe depicted configuration during device assembly. Referring to FIG. 19,the member 1900 includes plural first conductive pads 1904 a-d on afirst surface of the member 1900 to contact conductive pads on a printedcircuit board (not shown), plural second conductive pads 2004 j and k(FIGS. 20J-K) to contact terminals of the energy storage device, anelongated passage 1908 for a flexible circuit (not shown) to the display(not shown), and plural tabs shown in FIGS. 20A-H and J-N for engagingselected features in the respective one of the first and second housings704 and 708. FIGS. 20A-H and L-N depict various tab 2000 a-h and l-nconfigurations, respectively, used for locating the member 1900 in thedevice 100 relative to other components and/or electrically contactingselected components to the energy storage device. Tabs 2000 a, c, d, e,f, g, l, m and n include conductive pads 2004 a, c, d, e, f, g, l, m,and n, respectively. Referring to FIGS. 20J-K, the tabs fold around theenergy storage device, which typically is a rectangular-shaped battery,such that the energy storage device is received in the enclosed area2008 and 2012 (for FIGS. 20J-K, respectively) to enable the contact pads2004 j-k to contact terminals of the energy storage device, whichbattery terminals are located on an opposing side of the energy storagedevice from the side of the energy storage device contacting the centralportion 2016 of the member 1900. Tabs 2000 o and p pass under and engagethe reinforcement strip 1016.

FIGS. 21A-B, 22A-H, and 23-24 are various views depicting asubstantially planar display frame 2100 that engages a rear surface ofthe display panel 2108 to provide structural support to the displaypanel and mechanically hold and retain the display panel in position. Aswill be appreciated, the display panel 2108 faces outwardly and thedisplay frame 2100 inwardly relative to the respective one of the firstand second housing. The display frame 2100 includes various features,including first, second, and third tabs 2104 a,b,c and lip 2116 toengage and mechanically interlock with a matching slot in a peripheraledge of the respective one of the first and second housings 704 and 708,score marks 2112 to locate a flexible circuit (not shown) from theprinted circuit board (not shown) to the display 2108 and a cutout 2108to pass a flexible printed circuit, thereby enabling the flexiblecircuit to bend to connect to the display panel. The display framedesign can provide for mechanical retention of the display withoutexternal screws or clips increasing the outer dimensions of the housing.Additionally, the design can be substantially free of adhesives betweenthe display panel and display frame and thereby avoiding the displayframe from separating from the display panel, due to failure of theadhesive. The display frame 2100 is typically made from a non-magneticmaterial, such as stainless steel, to provide an electromagnetic shieldor barrier, thereby preventing or inhibiting substantially all of theelectromagnetic radiation from the electrical components in the printedcircuit board and other electrical components positioned on a first sideof the display frame from passing through the display frame 2100 andimpacting adversely the operation of the display panel 2108 positionedon a second side of the display frame.

FIGS. 25-27 depict a flexible circuit connector securing assembly 2500.The securing assembly 2500 includes a bracket 2504 and resilient gasket2508, located between the bracket 2504 and a connector 2514 on theprinted circuit board 2516, to apply pressure, typically of at leastabout 50 psi, more typically of at least about 100 psi, and even moretypically of at least about 150 psi but typically no more than aboutpsi, to a flexible circuit 2512, thereby maintaining the electricalconnection with the connector 2514, typically for greater than 100,000cycles. The securing assembly 2500 uses screws 2530, passing through theprinted circuit board 2516, to mount the securing assembly 2500 to thecorresponding one of the first and second housing 704 and 708 and toapply the pressure to the flexible circuit.

FIGS. 24, 28A-D, and 29A-B depict substantially transparent light guidesand a substantially opaque light guide support bracket for illuminatingthe areas 112 a-c (FIG. 1A). As can be seen in FIGS. 29A-B, the lightguides 2900 a-c each include a substantially planar upper surface 2904and a smooth and concave (e.g., parabolic-shaped) lower surface 2908 toreceive incident light from a light source, such as an LED lamp, on theprinted circuit board 2516 and direct the light into a collimated orconverging beam towards the upper surface 2904. The light guides arepositioned beneath a corresponding area 112 a-c in the respectivedisplay panel 2108 for illumination. The support bracket 2800 comprisesa first, second, and third light guide receptacles 2804 a-c to receivethe light guides 2900 a-c, a stepped peripheral edge 2808 to engage asimilarly shaped inner edge 920 of the corresponding first or secondhousing 704 and 708, and fastener holes 2812, which align with holes 924in the corresponding housing to receive a fastener, such as a screw, toattach securely the support bracket 2800 to the housing. When engaged,the light guides and support bracket define a substantially planar uppersurface 2816 to engage the lower surface of the display panel.

The light guides 2900 can be discrete from or integrated with thesupport bracket 2800. Integration is effected using a multi-step moldingprocess. In a first step, a substantially opaque resin is molded into apredefined shape including the light guide receptacles 2804 a-c, eachhaving a shape mating the outer surface of the corresponding lightguide. In a second step, the substantially transparent, or lighttransmissive, resin, such as an acrylic resin, polycarbonate, epoxy, orglass, is injected into the light guide receptacles to form the unitarylight guide assembly of FIGS. 28A-D. When the light guides 2900 arediscrete from the support bracket, they are engaged with the supportbracket using a suitable adhesive, a friction fit, or other form ofmechanical engagement. In other embodiments, the light guides andsupport bracket are in multiple interlocking pieces. At any one time,the set of light guides is illuminated of whichever of the first andsecond screens is currently in focus. As will be appreciated, the lightguides can be made in any desired shape, such as cylindrical, oval,rectangular, conical, or other shape (e.g., arrow, star shaped, andquarter moon shaped).

FIGS. 30A-D depict a non-mechanical closure mechanism for the device100. As will be appreciated, a common mechanism for locking dual screencellular phones in a closed orientation is to lock the opposing screensmechanically in position. The mechanical locking mechanism hassufficient force to resist hinges exerting an opposing spring-backforce. Mechanical locking mechanisms can malfunction, especially afterrepeated usage, in response to breakage or other failure of the lockingmechanism components. As shown in FIGS. 30A-D, a non-mechanical closuremechanism can include first and second magnets 3000 a-b positionedrespectively on the first and second screens 104 and 108 such that thefirst and second magnets exert a magnetically attractive force on oneanother when the first and second screens 104 and 108 are in the closedposition and substantially no magnetically attractive force on oneanother when the first and second screens 104 and 108 are in any of thefully open, easel, or modified easel positions. To provide the magneticforce of attraction, the first and second magnets 3000 a,b arepositioned such that opposing poles P₁ (e.g., N or S) and P₂ (e.g., theother of N or S) are adjacent to one another (FIG. 30E) when the firstand second screens 104 and 108 are in the fully closed position. Toprotect the display panel 2108 from the magnetic field of the first andsecond magnets 3000 a, b, the first and second magnets 3000 a,b arepositioned on opposing sides of the display frame 2100 from the displaypanel 2108. The use of the first and second magnets 3000 a,b as aclosure mechanism can avoid the problems commonly encountered withmechanical locking mechanisms. In other configurations, one of the firstand second magnets is replaced by an iron-containing magnetic material.More than two magnets can be employed. The first and second magnets canbe sized, positioned, and shaped to avoid interference with any of theother electronic components of the device 100.

FIGS. 31A-D depict a particular configuration of the position sensor(s)172. The position sensor(s) 172 include first and second Hall-Effectsensors 3100 a,b positioned, respectively, adjacent to the first screen104 and first housing 704 and to the second screen 108 and secondhousing 708. The first Hall-Effect sensor 3100 a is positioned proximalto a distal corner 3104 of the first housing 704 and screen 104 whilethe second Hall-Effect sensor 3100 b is positioned at a location 3108proximal to the hinge 128, with the first and second Hall-Effect sensors3100 a,b being positioned on opposing sides of the hinge 128. Withreference to FIG. 31, the first Hall-Effect sensor 3100 a is positionedon an opposing side of the frame 2100 from the display panel 2108 andnear the base of the first housing 704. In contrast, the secondHall-Effect sensor 3100 b is positioned on an opposing side of the frame2100 from the display panel 2108 and near the base of the second housing708.

In operation, the first and second Hall-Effect sensors 3100 a,b sensethe strength of an applied magnetic field by measuring the Hall voltageacross opposing faces of the sensor. While not wishing to be bound byany theory, an electric current is passed through the sensor, whichcurrent will produce a corresponding magnetic field. Applied magneticfield(s) cause the electrons in the current to deflect into a curvedpath as the elecrtrons move through the sensor material due to theinteraction of the magnetic fields. This interaction is known as theLorentz force. Consequently, one side of the sensor material will passmore electrons than the other. The resulting potential difference(voltage) appears across the material at right angles to both themagnetic fields from the permanent magnet and the flow of current. Thisis known as the Hall effect. In other words, the Hall voltage isdirectly proportional in size to both the electric current and themagnetic field. As the relative positions of the first and secondscreens 104 and 108 change, the magnitude of the cumulative magneticfield applied to each of the first and second Hall-Effect sensors alsochanges. The applied magnetic field is caused by the first and secondmagnets 3000 a,b and electrical current passing through other electricalcomponents adjacent to the first and second screens 104 and 108 of thedevice 100, such as the printed circuit board, flexible circuits,antenna, GPS, microphone, speaker, and camera. A look up table mappingthe measured Hall voltage for each of the first and second Hall-Effectsensors 3100 a,b against first and second screen position can be used todetermine the relative positions of the first and second screens 104 and108.

The exemplary systems and methods of this disclosure have been describedin relation to mechanical features of a multi-screen device. However, toavoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure, the precedingdescription omits a number of known structures and devices. Thisomission is not to be construed as a limitation of the scopes of theclaims. Specific details are set forth to provide an understanding ofthe present disclosure. It should however be appreciated that thepresent disclosure may be practiced in a variety of ways beyond thespecific detail set forth herein.

Furthermore, while the exemplary aspects, embodiments, and/orconfigurations illustrated herein show the various components of thesystem collocated, certain components of the system can be locatedremotely, at distant portions of a distributed network, such as a LANand/or the Internet, or within a dedicated system. Thus, it should beappreciated, that the components of the system can be combined in to oneor more devices, such as a Personal Computer (PC), laptop, netbook,Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), tablet, etc., or collocated on aparticular node of a distributed network, such as an analog and/ordigital telecommunications network, a packet-switch network, or acircuit-switched network. It will be appreciated from the precedingdescription, and for reasons of computational efficiency, that thecomponents of the system can be arranged at any location within adistributed network of components without affecting the operation of thesystem. For example, the various components can be located in a switchsuch as a PBX and media server, gateway, in one or more communicationsdevices, at one or more users' premises, or some combination thereof.Similarly, one or more functional portions of the system could bedistributed between a telecommunications device(s) and an associatedcomputing device.

Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the various links connectingthe elements can be wired or wireless links, or any combination thereof,or any other known or later developed element(s) that is capable ofsupplying and/or communicating data to and from the connected elements.These wired or wireless links can also be secure links and may becapable of communicating encrypted information. Transmission media usedas links, for example, can be any suitable carrier for electricalsignals, including coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, and maytake the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated duringradio-wave and infra-red data communications.

Also, while the flowcharts have been discussed and illustrated inrelation to a particular sequence of events, it should be appreciatedthat changes, additions, and omissions to this sequence can occurwithout materially affecting the operation of the disclosed embodiments,configuration, and aspects.

A number of variations and modifications of the disclosure can be used.It would be possible to provide for some features of the disclosurewithout providing others.

In some embodiments, the systems and methods of this disclosure can beimplemented in conjunction with a special purpose computer, a programmedmicroprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuitelement(s), an ASIC or other integrated circuit, a digital signalprocessor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit such as discreteelement circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array such as PLD,PLA, FPGA, PAL, special purpose computer, any comparable means, or thelike. In general, any device(s) or means capable of implementing themethodology illustrated herein can be used to implement the variousaspects of this disclosure. Exemplary hardware that can be used for thedisclosed embodiments, configurations and aspects includes computers,handheld devices, telephones (e.g., cellular, Internet enabled, digital,analog, hybrids, and others), and other hardware known in the art. Someof these devices include processors (e.g., a single or multiplemicroprocessors), memory, nonvolatile storage, input devices, and outputdevices. Furthermore, alternative software implementations including,but not limited to, distributed processing or component/objectdistributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machineprocessing can also be constructed to implement the methods describedherein.

In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be readilyimplemented in conjunction with software using object or object-orientedsoftware development environments that provide portable source code thatcan be used on a variety of computer or workstation platforms.Alternatively, the disclosed system may be implemented partially orfully in hardware using standard logic circuits or VLSI design. Whethersoftware or hardware is used to implement the systems in accordance withthis disclosure is dependent on the speed and/or efficiency requirementsof the system, the particular function, and the particular software orhardware systems or microprocessor or microcomputer systems beingutilized.

In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be partiallyimplemented in software that can be stored on a storage medium, executedon programmed general-purpose computer with the cooperation of acontroller and memory, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, orthe like. In these instances, the systems and methods of this disclosurecan be implemented as program embedded on personal computer such as anapplet, JAVA® or CGI script, as a resource residing on a server orcomputer workstation, as a routine embedded in a dedicated measurementsystem, system component, or the like. The system can also beimplemented by physically incorporating the system and/or method into asoftware and/or hardware system.

Although the present disclosure describes components and functionsimplemented in the aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations withreference to particular standards and protocols, the aspects,embodiments, and/or configurations are not limited to such standards andprotocols. Other similar standards and protocols not mentioned hereinare in existence and are considered to be included in the presentdisclosure. Moreover, the standards and protocols mentioned herein andother similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein areperiodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents havingessentially the same functions. Such replacement standards and protocolshaving the same functions are considered equivalents included in thepresent disclosure.

The present disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/orconfigurations, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/orapparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, includingvarious aspects, embodiments, configurations embodiments,sub-combinations, and/or subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art willunderstand how to make and use the disclosed aspects, embodiments,and/or configurations after understanding the present disclosure. Thepresent disclosure, in various aspects, embodiments, and/orconfigurations, includes providing devices and processes in the absenceof items not depicted and/or described herein or in various aspects,embodiments, and/or configurations hereof, including in the absence ofsuch items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g.,for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost ofimplementation.

The foregoing discussion has been presented for purposes of illustrationand description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosureto the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing DetailedDescription for example, various features of the disclosure are groupedtogether in one or more aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations forthe purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the aspects,embodiments, and/or configurations of the disclosure may be combined inalternate aspects, embodiments, and/or configurations other than thosediscussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted asreflecting an intention that the claims require more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claimsreflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a singleforegoing disclosed aspect, embodiment, and/or configuration. Thus, thefollowing claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description,with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodimentof the disclosure.

Moreover, though the description has included description of one or moreaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations and certain variations andmodifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications arewithin the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill andknowledge of those in the art, after understanding the presentdisclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternativeaspects, embodiments, and/or configurations to the extent permitted,including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures,functions, ranges or steps to those claimed, whether or not suchalternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions,ranges or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publiclydedicate any patentable subject matter.

What is claimed is:
 1. A handheld computing device, comprising: a firstscreen assembly including a first screen having a first active displayarea and a first housing, the first housing comprising a rear surfaceand a side surface extending around a peripheral edge of the firstscreen and engaging the rear surface of the first housing; a secondscreen assembly including a second screen having a second active displayarea and a second housing, the second housing comprising a rear surface,and a side surface extending around a peripheral edge of the secondscreen and engaging the rear surface of the second housing; and a hingeconnected to the first and second screen assemblies, wherein the hingeis configured to enable a distance between the first and second activedisplay areas, when the first and second screens are in the fully openedposition, to be no more than about 10 mm, wherein the first housingengages the hinge so that the first screen assembly is rotatable about afirst pivot axis, wherein the second housing engages the hinge so thatthe second screen assembly is rotatable about a different second pivotaxis, and wherein the hinge comprises a hub, the hub including aninternal passage extending between the first and second screensassemblies to pass a flexible circuit and/or electrical ribbon cable tocouple electrically the first and second screens; wherein the hinge hasa range of motion of more than 180 degrees so that the device isfoldable between a fully open position in which a first plane of thefirst screen is transverse to a second plane of the second screen and aclosed position in which the first and second screen assemblies contacteach other and wherein, when the handheld computing device is fullyopen, the rear surfaces of the first and second housings define an angledelta relative to a common plane that is greater than 0 but no more thanabout 10 degrees.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the distance is nomore than about 5 mm.
 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the distance isno more than about 1 mm.
 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the distanceis no more than about 0.5 mm.
 5. The device of claim 4, wherein thedistance is no more than about 0.25 mm.
 6. In a communication devicecomprising: a first screen assembly including a first screen having afirst active display area and a first housing, the first housingcomprising a rear surface and a side surface extending around aperipheral edge of the first screen and engaging the rear surface of thefirst housing; a second screen assembly including a second screen havinga second active display area and a second housing, the second housingcomprising a rear surface, and a side surface extending around aperipheral edge of the second screen and engaging the rear surface ofthe second housing; and a hinge connected to the first and second screenassemblies, wherein the first housing engages the hinge so that thefirst screen assembly is rotatable about a first pivot axis, wherein thesecond housing engages the hinge so that the second screen assembly isrotatable about a different second pivot axis, and wherein the hingecomprises a hub, the hub including an internal passage extending betweenthe first and second screens assemblies to pass a flexible circuitand/or electrical ribbon cable to couple electrically the first andsecond screens; a method comprising: moving the hinge to a fully closedposition in which the first and second screen assemblies contact eachother; and from the fully closed position, moving the hinge to a fullyopened position in which a first plane of the first screen is transverseto a second plane of the second screen, wherein the hinge has a range ofmotion of more than 180 degrees so that, when in the fully openedposition, the rear surfaces of the first and second housings define anangle delta relative to a common plane that is greater than 0 but nomore than about 10 degrees.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein thedistance is no more than about 5 mm.
 8. The method of claim 7, whereinthe distance is no more than about 1 mm.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the distance is no more than about 0.5 mm.
 10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the distance is no more than about 0.25 mm.
 11. Themethod of claim 6, wherein a common window is displayed simultaneouslyacross the first and second active display areas.
 12. A handheldcomputing device, comprising: a first screen assembly including a firstscreen having a first active display area and a first housing, the firsthousing comprising a rear surface and a side surface extending around aperipheral edge of the first screen and engaging the rear surface of thefirst housing; a second screen assembly including a second screen havinga second active display area and a second housing, the second housingcomprising a rear surface, and a side surface extending around aperipheral edge of the second screen and engaging the rear surface ofthe second housing; and a hinge connected to the first and second screenassemblies, wherein the hinge is configured to enable a distance betweenthe first and second active display areas to be no more than about 10 mmwhen the first and second screens are in the fully opened position,wherein the first housing engages the hinge so that the first screenassembly is rotatable about a first pivot axis, wherein the secondhousing engages the hinge so that the second screen assembly isrotatable about a different second pivot axis, wherein the hingecomprises a hub, and wherein a common window is displayed simultaneouslyacross the first and second active display areas, wherein the hinge hasa range of motion of more than 180 degrees so that the device isfoldable between a fully open position in which a first plane of thefirst screen is transverse to a second plane of the second screen and aclosed position in which the first and second screen assemblies contacteach other and wherein, when the handheld computing device is fullyopen, the rear surfaces of the first and second housings define an angledelta relative to a common plane that is greater than 0 but no more thanabout 10 degrees.
 13. The device of claim 12, wherein the hingecomprises a hub, the hub including an internal passage extending betweenthe first and second screens assemblies to pass a flexible circuitand/or electrical ribbon cable to couple electrically the first andsecond screens.
 14. The device of claim 12, wherein the distance is nomore than about 5 mm.
 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the distanceis no more than about 1 mm.
 16. The device of claim 15, wherein thedistance is no more than about 0.5 mm.
 17. The device of claim 16,wherein the distance is no more than about 0.25 mm.